Future lunar, planetary, and asteroid exploration will strongly demand in situ analysis of rock samples to obtain data related to various aspects. For precise composition analysis, a sample surface should be smoothed. In this paper, a surface shaver with a piezoelectric actuator is proposed and its machining performance in air is investigated. Shaving teeth are mounted at the ends of a pair of lever mechanisms. The device is pressed through four springs onto the workpiece with a linear actuator. When a sinusoidal voltage of 50 V_p-p and an offset voltage of 25 V were applied, the resonance frequency was 556 Hz and the unloaded amplitude of the shaving teeth was 0.77 mm_p-p. Basalt workpieces were machined for 10 min in air. Increasing the thrust force reduced the surface roughness, although the amount removed diminished with a further increase in the thrust force. The surface roughness varied widely not only due to the amount removed but also due to containing the pores.

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