Ball Bar Measurement on Machine Tools with Rotary Axes

Yukitoshi Ihara

doi:10.20965/ijat.2012.p0180

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IJAT Vol.6 No.2 pp. 180-187

doi: 10.20965/ijat.2012.p0180

(2012)

Paper:

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Ball Bar Measurement on Machine Tools with Rotary Axes

Yukitoshi Ihara

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku 535-8585 Osaka, Japan

Received:

September 1, 2011

Accepted:

December 4, 2011

Published:

March 5, 2012

Keywords:

ball bar test, motion accuracy, rotary axis, articulated industrial robot, 5-axis machining center

Abstract

A ball bar is a very convenient device for measuring the motion accuracy of machine tools. Some trials have also been done for measuring motion accuracy of industrial robots. Nowadays, multi-axis machines such as five-axis machining centers are very popular, and therefore, there is increased demand for checking their accuracy. This paper introduces an idea for checking the motion accuracy of five-axis machining centers and diagnosing error sources by reviewing trial measurements on articulated industrial robots. There are two problems. The first problem is that the ball bar can measure only distances, and the second problem is that the ball bar is a linear device and therefore not suitable for the rotary axis motion of 5-axis machines and articulated robots. Finally, the test conditions for the measurement of the motion accuracy of a machine tool showing conical motion, by using the ball bar and ISO/DIS 10791-6 (which is currently being edited) are reviewed and verified.

Cite this article as:

Y. Ihara, “Ball Bar Measurement on Machine Tools with Rotary Axes,” Int. J. Automation Technol., Vol.6 No.2, pp. 180-187, 2012.

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References

[1] J. Bryan, “A Simple Method for Testing Measuring Machines and Machine Tools (part 1: Principles and Applications),” Precision Engineering, Vol.4, Issue2, pp. 61-69, 1982.
[2] J. Bryan, “A Simple Method for Testing Measuring Machines and Machine Tools (part 2: Constructions and Details),” Precision Engineering, Vol.4, Issue3, pp. 125-138, 1982.
[3] Y. Kakino, Y. Ihara, and A. Shinohara, “Accuracy Inspection of NC Machine Tools by Double Ball Bar Method,” Carl Hanser Verlag, 1993.
[4] W. Knapp and S. Hrovat, “The Circular Test,” 1987.
[5] ISO 230-4, “Test code for machine tools – Part 4: Circular tests for numerically controlled machine tools,” 1994.
[6] H. Johannes, KGM 181 and KGM 182 grid encoders,
http://www.heidenhain.de/
[7] Y. Kakino, Y. Ihara, M. Yagi, and A. Higashimoto, “Measurement and Improvement of Trace Accuracy of Industrial NC Robots by Using Telescoping Magnetic Ball Bar Method,” ASME Crossing Bridges, Advances in Flexible Automation and Robotics, Vol.I, Book No.I0271A, pp. 81-86, 1988.
[8] Y. Kakino, Y. Ihara, Y. Nakatsu, and A. Shinohara, “A Study on the Motion Accuracy of NC Machine Tools (5th Report) – Diagnosis of Angular Motion Error Origins –,” J. of the JSPE, Vol.55, No.3, pp. 587-592, 1989. (In Japanese)
[9] M. Tsutsumi and A. Saito, “Identification and compensation of particular deviations of 5-axis machining centers,” Int. J. of Machine Tools and Manufacture, Vol.43, pp. 771-780, 2003.
[10] NAS979, “Uniform cutting tests – NAS series, metal cutting equipment specifications,” pp. 34-37, 1969.
[11] K. Matano and Y. Ihara, “Ball bar measurement of five-axis conical movement,” Laser Metrology and Machine Performance VIII, pp. 34-43, 2007.
[12] S. Bossoni, “Geometric and Dynamic Evaluation and Optimization of Machining Centers,” Fortschritt-Berichte VDI, 672, 2, 2009.
[13] Y. Kakino, S. Ibaraki, I. Yamaji, K. Ogawa, and H. Ota, “Measurement of Motion Accuracies of Five-axis Machine Tools by Using the Double Ball Bar Method DBB5,” Proc. of 2008 Int. Sym. on Flexible Automation, 2008.

This article is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationa License.

[1] [1] J. Bryan, “A Simple Method for Testing Measuring Machines and Machine Tools (part 1: Principles and Applications),” Precision Engineering, Vol.4, Issue2, pp. 61-69, 1982.

[2] [2] J. Bryan, “A Simple Method for Testing Measuring Machines and Machine Tools (part 2: Constructions and Details),” Precision Engineering, Vol.4, Issue3, pp. 125-138, 1982.

[3] [3] Y. Kakino, Y. Ihara, and A. Shinohara, “Accuracy Inspection of NC Machine Tools by Double Ball Bar Method,” Carl Hanser Verlag, 1993.

[4] [4] W. Knapp and S. Hrovat, “The Circular Test,” 1987.

[5] [5] ISO 230-4, “Test code for machine tools – Part 4: Circular tests for numerically controlled machine tools,” 1994.

[6] [6] H. Johannes, KGM 181 and KGM 182 grid encoders,
http://www.heidenhain.de/

[7] [7] Y. Kakino, Y. Ihara, M. Yagi, and A. Higashimoto, “Measurement and Improvement of Trace Accuracy of Industrial NC Robots by Using Telescoping Magnetic Ball Bar Method,” ASME Crossing Bridges, Advances in Flexible Automation and Robotics, Vol.I, Book No.I0271A, pp. 81-86, 1988.

[8] [8] Y. Kakino, Y. Ihara, Y. Nakatsu, and A. Shinohara, “A Study on the Motion Accuracy of NC Machine Tools (5th Report) – Diagnosis of Angular Motion Error Origins –,” J. of the JSPE, Vol.55, No.3, pp. 587-592, 1989. (In Japanese)

[9] [9] M. Tsutsumi and A. Saito, “Identification and compensation of particular deviations of 5-axis machining centers,” Int. J. of Machine Tools and Manufacture, Vol.43, pp. 771-780, 2003.

[10] [10] NAS979, “Uniform cutting tests – NAS series, metal cutting equipment specifications,” pp. 34-37, 1969.

[11] [11] K. Matano and Y. Ihara, “Ball bar measurement of five-axis conical movement,” Laser Metrology and Machine Performance VIII, pp. 34-43, 2007.

[12] [12] S. Bossoni, “Geometric and Dynamic Evaluation and Optimization of Machining Centers,” Fortschritt-Berichte VDI, 672, 2, 2009.

[13] [13] Y. Kakino, S. Ibaraki, I. Yamaji, K. Ogawa, and H. Ota, “Measurement of Motion Accuracies of Five-axis Machine Tools by Using the Double Ball Bar Method DBB5,” Proc. of 2008 Int. Sym. on Flexible Automation, 2008.