Comprehensive Etiological and Epidemiological Study on Acute Respiratory Infections in Children: Providing Evidence for the Prevention and Control of Childhood Pneumonia in the Philippines

Raita Tamaki; Veronica L. Tallo; Alvin G. Tan; Mark Donald C. Reñosa; Portia P. Alday; Jhoys M. L; icho; Marianette T. Inobaya; Mayuko Saito; Taro Kamigaki; Michiko Okamoto; Mariko Saito; Clyde Dapat; Bindongo P. P. Dembele; Mary Lorraine S. Mationg; Melisa U. Mondoy; Socorro P. Lupisan; Hitoshi Oshitani

doi:10.20965/jdr.2018.p0740

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JDR Vol.13 No.4 pp. 740-750

(2018)

doi: 10.20965/jdr.2018.p0740

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Comprehensive Etiological and Epidemiological Study on Acute Respiratory Infections in Children: Providing Evidence for the Prevention and Control of Childhood Pneumonia in the Philippines

Raita Tamaki^,,†, Veronica L. Tallo^, Alvin G. Tan^, Mark Donald C. Reñosa^, Portia P. Alday^, Jhoys M. Landicho^, Marianette T. Inobaya^**, Mayuko Saito^, Taro Kamigaki^, Michiko Okamoto^, Mariko Saito^, Clyde Dapat^, Bindongo P. P. Dembele^, Mary Lorraine S. Mationg^, Melisa U. Mondoy^, Socorro P. Lupisan^**, and Hitoshi Oshitani^*

^*Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan

^†Corresponding author

^**Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Alabang Muntinlupa City, Philippines

^***Nagasaki Women’s Junior College, Nagasaki, Japan

Received:

March 21, 2018

Accepted:

May 2, 2018

Published:

August 1, 2018

Keywords:

pediatric pneumonia, acute respiratory infections, Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI), low and middle-income countries, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS)

Abstract

Childhood pneumonia has been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for decades. Although substantial progress in the understanding of risk factors and etiology of pneumonia has been made, childhood pneumonia remains the major cause of death in children, accounting for 900,000 of the estimated 6.3 million child deaths worldwide in 2013. More than 90% of all episodes of clinical childhood pneumonia worldwide occur in low and middle-income countries. More effective and feasible interventions need to be developed and made widely available for such countries, including the Philippines. Comprehensive research, including etiological and epidemiological studies for assessments of risk factors and thereby, intervention studies to reduce the impact of childhood pneumonia are required in hospital settings, as well as community settings, consistently. A research project entitled “comprehensive etiological and epidemiological study on acute respiratory infections in children: providing evidence for the prevention and control of childhood pneumonia, the Philippines” was conducted under SATREPS (Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development), which is a funding scheme to promote international joint research focusing on global issues. This project was implemented in four sentinel hospitals, with some community settings, in the Philippines between April 2011 and March 2017, incorporating five sub-components: etiological study, disease burden study, risk factor analysis, intervention study, and its evaluation. In this paper, we introduce the research project of SATREPS focusing on the methodologies, progress, and obtained evidence.

Cite this article as:

R. Tamaki, V. Tallo, A. Tan, M. Reñosa, P. Alday, J. Landicho, M. Inobaya, M. Saito, T. Kamigaki, M. Okamoto, M. Saito, C. Dapat, B. Dembele, M. Mationg, M. Mondoy, S. Lupisan, and H. Oshitani, “Comprehensive Etiological and Epidemiological Study on Acute Respiratory Infections in Children: Providing Evidence for the Prevention and Control of Childhood Pneumonia in the Philippines,” J. Disaster Res., Vol.13 No.4, pp. 740-750, 2018.

Data files:

References

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This article is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationa License.

[1] [1] H. H. Kyu et al., “Global and National Burden of Diseases and Injuries Among Children and Adolescents Between 1990 and 2013: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease 2013 Study,” JAMA Pediatrics, Vol.170, No.3, pp. 267-287, 2016.

[2] [2] I. Rudan et al., “Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia in 2010: estimates of incidence, severe morbidity, mortality, underlying risk factors and causative pathogens for 192 countries,” J. of Global Health, Vol.3, No.1, 2013.

[3] [3] T. K. Nguyen et al., “Child pneumonia - focus on the Western Pacific Region,” Paediatr Respir Rev., Vol.21, pp. 102-110, 2017.

[4] [4] I. Rudan et al., “Gaps in policy-relevant information on burden of disease in children: a systematic review,” Lancet, Vol.365, Issue 9476, pp. 2031-2040, 2005.

[5] [5] H. J. Zar and K. Mulholland “Global burden of pediatric respiratory illness and the implications for management and prevention,” Pediatric Pulmonology, Vol.36, No.6, pp. 457-461, 2003.

[6] [6] V. Singh “The burden of pneumonia in children: an Asian perspective,” Paediatr Respir Rev., Vol.6, No.2, pp. 88-93, 2005.

[7] [7] B. G. Van den Hoogen, D. M. Osterhaus, and R. A. Fouchier, “Clinical impact and diagnosis of human metapneumovirus infection,” The Pediatric Infectious Disease J., Vol.23, No.1, Suppl., pp. S25-32, 2004.

[8] [8] L. Sombrero et al., “Serotype Distribution and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Invasive and Respiratory Pneumococcal Isolates from Children < 5 Admitted for Pneumonia, Suspected Sepsis or Meningitis in Bohol, Philippines,” Abstract submitted to ISPPD, 2006.

[9] [9] C. B. Wonodi et al., “Evaluation of risk factors for severe pneumonia in children: the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health study,” Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Vol.54, Suppl.2, pp. S124-131, 2012.

[10] [10] T. A. Khan, S. A. Madni, and A. K. Zaidi, “Acute respiratory infections in Pakistan: have we made any progress?,” J. of the College of Physicians and Surgeons–Pakistan, Vol.14, No.7, pp. 440-448, 2004.

[11] [11] S. Sazawal and R. E. Black, “Effect of pneumonia case management on mortality in neonates, infants, and preschool children: a meta-analysis of community-based trials,” The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Vol.3, No.9, pp. 547-556, 2003.

[12] [12] Z. A. Bhutta et al., “Interventions to address deaths from childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea equitably: what works and at what cost?,” Lancet, Vol.381, Issue 9875, pp. 1417-1429, 2013.

[13] [13] M. A. Rakha, “Does implementation of the IMCI strategy have an impact on child mortality? A retrospective analysis of routine data from Egypt,” BMJ Open, Vol.3, Issue 1, 2013.

[14] [14] T. Gera et al., “Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) strategy for children under five,” The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, No.6, Cd010123, 2016.

[15] [15] WHO, “Revised WHO classification and treatment of childhood pneumonia at health facilities EVIDENCE SUMMARIES,” 2014.

[16] [16] A. Suzuki et al., “Respiratory viruses from hospitalized children with severe pneumonia in the Philippines,” BMC Infectious Diseases, Vol.12, p. 267, 2012.

[17] [17] T. Cherian et al., “Standardized interpretation of paediatric chest radiographs for the diagnosis of pneumonia in epidemiological studies,” Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Vol.83, No.5, pp. 353-359, 2005.

[18] [18] H. Kosai et al., “Incidence and Risk Factors of Childhood Pneumonia-Like Episodes in Biliran Island, Philippines–A Community-Based Study,” PloS ONE, Vol.10, No.5, e0125009, 2015.

[19] [19] M. Saito-Obata et al., “Laboratory Diagnosis for Outbreak-Prone Infectious Diseases after Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan), Philippines,” PLoS Currents, Vol.8, 2016.

[20] [20] M. Sato et al., “Immediate Needs and Concerns among Pregnant Women During and after Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda),” PLoS Currents, Vol.8, 2016.

[21] [21] A. Sadiasa, M. Saito-Obata, C. Dapat, and Group RI-TCR, “Bordetella pertussis infection in children with severe pneumonia, Philippines, 2012-2015,” Vaccine, Vol.35, No.7, pp. 993-996, 2017.

[22] [22] S. R. Galit et al., “Molecular epidemiology of Bordetella pertussis in the Philippines in 2012-2014,” Int. J. of Infectious Diseases: Official Publication of the Int. Society for Infectious Diseases, Vol.35, pp. 24-26, 2015.

[23] [23] A. Ohno et al., “Genetic characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus detected in hospitalized children in the Philippines from 2008 to 2012,” J. of Clinical Virology: the Official Publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology, Vol.57, No.1, pp. 59-65, 2013.

[24] [24] R. Malasao et al., ”Molecular Characterization of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the Philippines, 2012-2013,” PloS ONE, Vol.10, No.11, e0142192, 2015.

[25] [25] F. M. Kadji et al., “Differences in viral load among human respiratory syncytial virus genotypes in hospitalized children with severe acute respiratory infections in the Philippines,” Virology J., Vol.13, p. 113, 2016.

[26] [26] L. J. Anderson et al., “Strategic priorities for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine development,” Vaccine, Vol.31, Suppl.2, pp. B209-215, 2013.

[27] [27] H. Otomaru et al., “Influenza and other respiratory viruses detected by influenza-like illness surveillance in Leyte Island, the Philippines, 2010-2013,” PloS ONE, Vol.10, No.4, e0123755, 2015.

[28] [28] T. Kamigaki et al., “Seasonality of Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses and the Effect of Climate Factors in Subtropical-Tropical Asia Using Influenza-Like Illness Surveillance Data, 2010 -2012,” PloS ONE, Vol.11, No.12, e0167712, 2016.

[29] [29] T. Odagiri, “Isolation and characterization of influenza C viruses in the Philippines and Japan,” J. of Clinical Microbiology, Vol.53, No.3, pp. 847-858, 2015.

[30] [30] D. Yamamoto et al., “Impact of human adenovirus serotype 7 in hospitalized children with severe fatal pneumonia in the Philippines,” Japanese J. of Infectious Diseases, Vol.67, No.2, pp. 105-110, 2014.

[31] [31] T. Imamura et al., “Enterovirus 68 among children with severe acute respiratory infection, the Philippines,” Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol.17, No.8, pp. 1430-1435, 2011.

[32] [32] T. Imamura et al., “Detection of enterovirus 68 in serum from pediatric patients with pneumonia and their clinical outcomes,” Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Vol.8, No.1, pp. 21-24, 2014.

[33] [33] T. Imamura et al., “Antigenic and receptor binding properties of enterovirus 68,” J. of Virology, Vol.88, No.5, pp. 2374-2384, 2014.