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JDR Vol.8 No.1 pp. 37-47
(2013)
doi: 10.20965/jdr.2013.p0037

Paper:

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A High-Resolution, Precipitable Water Vapor Monitoring System Using a Dense Network of GNSS Receivers

Kazutoshi Sato*,**, Eugenio Realini*, Toshitaka Tsuda*,
Masanori Oigawa*, Yuya Iwaki*, Yoshinori Shoji***,
and Hiromu Seko***

*Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan

**Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan

***Meteorological Research Institute (MRI), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0052, Japan

Received:
October 10, 2012
Accepted:
December 27, 2012
Published:
February 1, 2013
Creative Commons License
Keywords:
GPS meteorology, GNSS, PWV, meteorological hazard
Abstract
This work describes a system aimed at the near realtimemonitoring of precipitable water vapor (PWV) by means of a dense network of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. These receivers are deployed with a horizontal spacing of 1-2 km around the Uji campus of Kyoto University, Japan. The PWV observed using a standard GPS meteorology technique, i.e., by using all satellites above a low elevation cutoff, is validated against radiosonde and radiometer measurements. The result is a RMS difference of about 2 mm. A more rigorous validation is done by selecting single GPS slant delays as they pass close to the radiosonde or the radiometer measuring directions, and higher accuracy is obtained. This method also makes it possible to preserve short-term fluctuations that are lost in the standard technique due to the averaging of several slant delays. Geostatistical analysis of the PWV observations shows that they are spatially correlated within the area of interest; this confirms that such a dense network can detect inhomogeneous distributions in water vapor. The PWV horizontal resolution is improved by using high-elevation satellites only, with the aim of exploiting at best the future Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), which will continuously provide at least one satellite close to the zenith over Japan.
Cite this article as:
K. Sato, E. Realini, T. Tsuda, M. Oigawa, Y. Iwaki, Y. Shoji, and H. Seko, “A High-Resolution, Precipitable Water Vapor Monitoring System Using a Dense Network of GNSS Receivers,” J. Disaster Res., Vol.8 No.1, pp. 37-47, 2013.
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