Sports are athletic competitions that demand agility, coordination, and dexterity. At the same time, they enrich people’s lives by promoting health, safety, and well-being. In the fields of training and coaching, measurement technologies and ICT have long been applied to analyze and present human and equipment behavior, fostering deeper integration of technology into sports. In recent years, robots capable of performing dynamic, human-like movements have been actively developed. These systems demonstrate motor skills with adaptability and agility beyond human levels, as well as the ability to anticipate opponents’ actions and coordinate in both individual and team sports. Such robots are expected to contribute in multiple ways: serving as benchmarks in high-performance hardware development, providing platforms for testing sports strategies, and advancing the understanding of skills through comparison with human dynamics. This special issue welcomes papers on the convergence of robotics and sports science.