Over the last decade, agricultural robotics and mechatronics have advanced significantly. Notable examples include the commercialization of unmanned agricultural vehicles for cereal cultivation, as well as the development of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in agricultural image analysis rooted in field science. This special issue invites new “seeds” that directly or indirectly contribute to either the quantitative or qualitative aspects of food security. These include the development of smart mechanical (non-chemical) weeding automation applicable within or beyond field boundaries, improvements in the efficiency and safety of human–robot collaborative vegetable harvesters, enhancements of season-independent, versatile, and cost-effective field sensing and digitalization technologies, and the further development of AI and data science applications for design and analysis of agriculture-related components and systems, among other critical advancements.