An artificial rubber muscle has attracted much attention because of its light weight and mechanical flexibility. Thus, it is anticipated that it may be applied to a robot which can operate gently against or with humans. However, there are only few reports on multi-d.o.f. manipulators using this actuator. In this study, a hybrid-type position and force control is carried out by using a 2 d.o.f. manipulator comprising this manipulator, and its fundamental control performance is investigated. This actuator has a nonlinear characteristic in terms of structure and air compressibility, which makes accurate position control difficult. To cope with such a problem, a position controller using a two d.o.f. PID controller is realized by adding a feedforward compensator. As a result, a satisfactory position-tracking control performance can be obtained. Also, hybrid-type control of force control and tracking speed can be accomplished with sufficient accuracy.