Paper:
Tsunami-Induced Drift Motion and Numerical Simulation Using Various Models
Riko Morita*, Kazuya Nojima**, Yu Chida***, and Taro Arikawa*,
*Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University
1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
Corresponding author
**Research and Development Center, Nippon Koei Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan
***Port and Airport Research Institute, Yokosuka, Japan
In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to observe drifting of objects transported by a tsunami. Tsunami-induced drift motion was simulated using various numerical models, and the results were compared. Experiments were performed with and without obstacles in the terrain, and the differences were assessed. The spread of debris occurred faster in the presence of an obstacle. In the absence of structures in the flow, the debris did not shift perpendicular to the flow direction in any of the numerical models. The experimental results were generally consistent with the calculated results, although they varied in a normally distributed manner. However, when there was a downstream structure, the uncertainty of the drift motion was not accurately simulated. Furthermore, it was observed that debris moved behind obstacles. A numerical model that calculated the collision force between debris using momentum conservation reproduced this phenomenon. Thus, the numerical model with the drag and inertia coefficients was fairly accurate.
- [1] S. Takahashi, K. Toda, Y. Kikuchi, T. Sugano, Y. Kuriyama, H. Yamazaki, T. Nagao, K. Shimosako, T. Negi, J. Sugeno, T. Tomita, H. Kawai, Y. Nakagawa, A. Nozu, O. Okamoto, K. Suzuki, Y. Morikawa, T. Arikawa, M. Iwanami, T. Mizutani, E. Kohama, T. Yamaji, K. Kumagai, D. Tatsumi, M. Washizaki, T. Izumiyama, K. Seki, G.-S. Yeom, M. Takenobu, Y. Kashima, M. Banno, Y. Fukunaga, J. Sakunaka, and Y. Watanabe, “Urgent Survey for 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster in Ports and Coasts,” Technical Note of the Port and Airport Research Institute, No.1231, 200pp., 2011 (in Japanese).
- [2] T. Hirozono, “The Chilean Earthquake of 1960,” J. of Geography, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 122-133, 1961 (in Japanese).
- [3] Y. Maruyama, S. Matsuzaki, F. Yamazaki, H. Miura, and M. Estrada, “Development of GIS Dataset for Damage Distribution Analysis after the 2010 Chile Earthquake,” J. of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. A1 (Structural Engineering & Earthquake Engineering (SE/EE)), Vol.66, No.1, pp. 377-385, 2010 (in Japanese).
- [4] S. Takada, Y. Kuwata, and M. Shintani, “Damage and Restoration of Lifelines in Thailand during the Sumatra Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster,” Environmental Systems Research, Vol.28, 220, 2005 (in Japanese).
- [5] M. Choowong, P. Charusiri, N. Murakoshi, K. Hisada, V. Daorerk, T. Charoentitirat, V. Chutakositkanon, K. Jankaew, P. Kanjanapayont, and Chulalongkorn University Tsunami Research Group, “Initial report of tsunami deposits in Phuket and adjacent areas, Thailand induced by the earthquake off Sumatra December 26, 2004,” J. of the Geological Society of Japan, Vol.111, No.7, pp. XVII-XVIII, 2005 (in Japanese).
- [6] T. Goto, J. Sasaki, and N. Shuto, “Wood flow by tsunami,” Proc. of the Japanese Conf. on Coastal Engineering, Vol.29, pp. 491-495, 1982 (in Japanese).
- [7] C. Naito, C. Cercone, H. R. Riggs, and D. Cox, “Procedure for site assessment of the potential for tsunami debris impact,” J. Waterw. Port Coastal Ocean Eng., Vol.140, No.2, pp. 223-232, 2014.
- [8] American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), “Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures,” ASCE/SEI 7-16, 2016.
- [9] I. Nistor, N. Goseberg, J. Stolle, T. Mikami, T. Shibayama, R. Nakamura, and S. Matsuba, “Experimental investigations of debris dynamics over a horizontal plane,” J. Waterw. Port Coastal Ocean Eng., Vol.143, No.3, Article No.04016022, 2017.
- [10] J. Stolle, N. Goseberg, I. Nistor, and E. Petriu, “Probabilistic investigation and risk assessment of debris transport in extreme hydrodynamic conditions,” J. Waterw. Port Coastal Ocean Eng., Vol.144, No.1, Article No.04017039, 2018.
- [11] N. Goseberg, J. Stolle, I. Nistor, and T. Shibayama, “Experimental analysis of debris motion due the obstruction from fixed obstacles in tsunami-like flow conditions,” Coastal Eng., Vol.118, pp. 35-49, 2016.
- [12] R. Morita, M. Watanabe, and T. Arikawa, “Study on uncertenty of tsunami debris motion by initial arrangement uncertainty in drift motion,” Japanese Conf. on Coastal Engineering Vol.77, (in press) (in Japanese).
- [13] T. Goto, “Calculation of wood flow by tsunami,” Proc. of the Japanese Conf. on Coastal Engineering, Vol.30, pp. 594-597, 1983 (in Japanese).
- [14] K. Nojima, M. Sakuraba, and Y. Kozono, “Development of a practical damage-forecasting method which considered indeterminacy of a tsunami drifts,” J. of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B3 (Ocean Engineers), Vol.72, No.2, pp. I_199-I_204, 2016 (in Japanese).
- [15] N. Fujii, M. Ohmori, T. Ikeya, R. Asakusa, T. Iriya, and K. Yanagisawa, “Fundamental study on behavior of drifting bodies due to tsunami,” Proc. of Civil Engineering in the Ocean, Vol.21, pp. 127-132, 2005 (in Japanese).
- [16] K. Honda, T. Tomita, D. Nishimura, and A. Sakaguchi, “Numerical modeling of tsunami drifting bodies,” Annual J. of Civil Engineering in the Ocean, Vol.25, pp. 39-44, 2009 (in Japanese).
- [17] T. Ikeya, S. Inagaki, R. Asakura, T. Fukuyama, N. Fujii, M. Ohmori, T. Takeda, and K. Yanagisawa, “Experiment on tsunami wave force acting on floating body and development of an evaluation method,” Annual J. of Coastal Engineering, Vol.53, pp. 276-280, 2006 (in Japanese).
- [18] Y. Suga, S. Koshimura, and E. Kobayashi, “Risk evaluation of drifting ship by tsunami,” J. Disaster Res., Vol.8, No.4, pp. 573-583, 2013.
- [19] D. Bocchiola, M. Rulli, and R. Rosso, “Transport of large woody debris in the presence of obstacles,” Geomorphology, Vol.76, Nos.1-2, pp. 166-178, 2006.
- [20] H. Matsutomi, “Method for estimating collision force of driftwood accompanying tsunami inundation flow,” J. Disaster Res., Vol.4, No.6, pp. 435-440, 2009.
- [21] M. Kotani, F. Imamura, and N. Shuto, “Tsunami run-up simulation and damage estimation by using geographical information system,” Proc. Coastal Eng., Vol.45, pp. 356-360 (in Japanese).
This article is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationa License.