Top > JDR > Empirical Data Analysis and Simulation Modeling for Evacuation ...

single-dr.php

JDR Vol.11 No.1 pp. 136-146
(2016)
doi: 10.20965/jdr.2016.p0136

Paper:

Views over last 60 days: 922

Empirical Data Analysis and Simulation Modeling for Evacuation Movement with the Presence of Irregular Non-Continuous Exterior Stairs

Hugo H. Poveda Gironda*, Satoru Sadohara**, Satoshi Yoshida**, and Keiko Inagaki**

*Graduate School of Urban Innovation, Yokohama National University
79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan

**Faculty of Urban Innovation, Yokohama National University, Japan

Received:
November 14, 2015
Accepted:
January 6, 2016
Published:
February 1, 2016
Creative Commons License
Keywords:
evacuation, simulation, exterior stairs, Bolivia
Abstract
Studies on evacuation behavior are often based on regular favorable scenarios, but more urban areas are adversely affected by natural disasters, many of them under extreme geographic conditions, and very little is known on how these conditions affect evacuation processes, especially in communities with neither experience nor disaster education.
We collected empirical data during announced evacuation practices in a landslide-prone urban area from La Paz, Bolivia. Based on this experiment, we measured time, velocity and participants’ behavior, then process results and input them as parameters to a 3-dimensional (3D) agent-based evacuation simulation model of the evacuation practice location to simulate real scenario evacuations focused on community residents walking on stairs and steep streets.
Our objective is to explain procedures for simulating two evacuation cases with different premises and to compare results from the two.
Results show that one case is more effective simply by following a simple rule of evacuation path selection. Our ultimate purpose is to create a compelling graphic tool for teaching persons about early short-term evacuation, including the importance of early planned evacuation. It also provides persons with opportunities participate in virtual drills.
Cite this article as:
H. Gironda, S. Sadohara, S. Yoshida, and K. Inagaki, “Empirical Data Analysis and Simulation Modeling for Evacuation Movement with the Presence of Irregular Non-Continuous Exterior Stairs,” J. Disaster Res., Vol.11 No.1, pp. 136-146, 2016.
Data files:
References
  1. [1] Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction, UN/ United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), 2007.
  2. [2] United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), Sustainable relief and reconstruction, Synopsis from World Urban Forum II & III, 2007.
  3. [3] K. Metz and U. Weiland, “Analysis of flood risk prevention systems in Santiago de Chile and the Metropolitan Region,” Field of Application (FoA) Land Use Management Risk Habitat, 2009.
  4. [4] J. Hardoy and G. Pandeilla, “Urban poverty and vulnerability to climate change in Latin America,” Environmental & Urbanization, Vol.21, No.1, pp. 203-224, 2009.
  5. [5] United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2014), World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision, 2014.
  6. [6] United Nations, Department of Humanitarian Affairs, International Decade for Natural Disaster, Towards National Resilience: Good practices of National Platforms for Disaster Risk, 2008.
  7. [7] J. Hardoy and G. Pandeilla, “Urban poverty and vulnerability to climate change in Latin America,” Environmental & Urbanization, Vol.21, No.1, pp. 203-224, 2009.
  8. [8] J. Fernandez, F. Bendimerad, S. Mattingly, and J. Buika, “Comparative Analysis of Disaster Risk Practices in Seven Megacities, presented to the 2nd Asia Conference on Earthquake Engineering, ACEE 2006, March 10-11, 2006.
  9. [9] Y. Iizuka, K. Kinoshita, and K. Iizuka, “A Distributed Autonomous Approach to Developing a Disaster Evacuation Assist System,” Journal of Disaster Research, Vol.10 No.6, 2015.
  10. [10] JICA’s Cooperation on Disaster Management, “Toward Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction – Building Disaster Resilient Societies –,” 2014.
  11. [11] E. Mas, S. Koshimura, F. Imamura, A. Supparsi, A. Muhari, and B. Adriano, “Recent Advances in Agent-Based Tsunami Evacuation Simulations: Case Studies in Indonesia, Thailand, Japan and Peru,” Journal Article, 2015.
  12. [12] L. A. Salamanca, “Estudio de Resiliencia en Desastres Naturales En Seis Barrios De La Ciudad De La Paz, Bolivia,” National Centre of Competence in Research, 2009.
  13. [13] H. Frantzich, “Study of movement on stairs during evacuation using video analyzing techniques,” Lund, 1996.
  14. [14] E. D. Kuligowski, R. D. Peacock, P. A. Reneke, E. Wiess, C. R. Hagwood, K. J. Overholt, R. P. Elkin, J. D. Averill, E. Ronchi, B. L. Hoskins, and M. Spearpoint, “Movement on Stairs During Building Evacuations,” NIST Technical Note 1839, 2015.
  15. [15] P. J. Sanchez, “As Simple as possible, but no simpler: A gentle introduction to simulation modeling,” in Proceedings of the 2006 Winter Simulation Conference (L. F. Perrone, F. P. Wieland, J. Liu, B. G. Lawson, D. M. Nicol, and R. M. Fujimoto (Eds.)), pp. 2-10, 20, 2006.
  16. [16] C. M. Macal and M. J. North, “Agent-Based Modeling and simulation: Desktop ABMS,” in Proceedings of the 2007 Winter Simulation Conference, pp. 95-106, 2007.
  17. [17] E. Mas, B. Adriano, and S. Koshimura, “An Integrated Simulation of Tsunami Hazard and Human Evacuation in La Punta, Peru,” Journal of Disaster Research Vol.8 No.2, 2013.
  18. [18] F. Bellifemine, A. Poggi, and G. Rimassa, “Developing Multi-agent Systems with JADE: Intelligent Agents VII, LNAI 1986,” pp. 89–103, 2001.
  19. [19] C. M. Macal and M. J. North, “Agent-based modeling and simulation: desktop ABMS,” Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 39th conference on Winter simulation, Washington D.C., 2007.
  20. [20] H. E. Nelson and F. W. Mowrer, “Emergency Movement,” The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, P. DiNenno and D. W. Walton (Eds.), National Fire Protection Association, pp. 3-367-3-380, 2002.
  21. [21] H. B. Amor, J. Murray, and O. Obst, “Fast, Neat, and Under Control: Arbitrating Between Steering Behaviors,” AI Game Programming Wisdom Vol.3, S. Rabin (Ed.), pp. 221-232, 2006.
  22. [22] E. Ronchi and D. Nilsson, “Assessment of Total Evacuation Systems for Tall Buildings,” Fire Protection Research Foundation, 2013.
  23. [23] A. U. Kemloh Wagoum, A. Seyfried, and S. Holl, “Modelling dynamic route choice of pedestrians to assess the criticality of building evacuation,” Bergische Universitat Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany, 2011.
  24. [24] Capitales Andinas, “Catalogo de Instrumentos de Gestion Municipal en Reduccion de Riesgos y Preparativos ante emergencias de las Capitales Andinas,” La Paz, 2007.
  25. [25] D. Helbing, I. Farkas, P. Molnar, and T. Vicsek, “Simulation of Pedestrian Crowds in Normal and Evacuation Situations,” Pedestrian and evacuation dynamics, Vol.21, No.2, 2002.
  26. [26] A. Seyfried, A. Portz, and A. Schadschneider, “Phase coexistence in congested states of pedestrian dynamics,” Vol.6350 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer – Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010.
  27. [27] F. Nathan, “Risk perception, Risk management and vulnerability to landslides in the hill slopes in the city of La Paz, Bolivia,” Geneva, Switzerland Disasters, 2008.
  28. [28] J. J. Fruin, “Pedestrian planning and design, Metropolitan Association of Urban Designers and Environmental Planners,” University of Michigan, 1971.
  29. [29] International Building Code for Stair treads and risers, International Code Council, http://publicecodes.cyberregs.com/icoid/ib c/2009/icodtextunderscore ibctextunderscore 2009textunderscore 10textunderscore par140.htm, 2009 [accessed September 29, 2015]
  30. [30] Y. Yoshida, “Surveys and Analyses on Human Behavior in the New York World Trade Center Disasters in 1993 and 2001,” Journal of Disaster Research Vol.6 No.6, 2011.
  31. [31] H. Frantzich, “Study of movement on stairs during evacuation using video analyzing techniques,” Lund, 1996.

Creative Commons License  This article is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationa License.

*This site is desgined based on HTML5 and CSS3 for modern browsers, e.g. Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge, Opera.

Last updated on Apr. 18, 2024