Numerical Simulation of Landslide Movement and Unzen-Mayuyama Disaster in 1792, Japan

Kuniaki Miyamoto

doi:10.20965/jdr.2010.p0280

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JDR Vol.5 No.3 pp. 280-287

(2010)

doi: 10.20965/jdr.2010.p0280

Paper:

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Numerical Simulation of Landslide Movement and Unzen-Mayuyama Disaster in 1792, Japan

Kuniaki Miyamoto

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-no-dai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan

Received:

February 15, 2010

Accepted:

April 14, 2010

Published:

June 1, 2010

Keywords:

landslide, tsunami, simulation, Mt. Unzen, Mt. Mayuyama

Abstract

Landslides may cause huge sediment disasters. To mitigate such sediment-induced disasters, the behavior of the landslide must be predicted, in addition to the time, the location of occurrence, and the scale of the landslide. This paper proposes a two-dimensional numerical simulation for landslides. The Mayuyama landslide of 1792, which was triggered by volcanic activity, caused one of the largest disasters in the world. To reproduce sediment movement resulting from this landslide, 2-D numerical simulation and topographical analysis are discussed. The topography of Mt. Mayuyama before the failure, the topography of the slip surface, and the characteristics of the landslide material are estimated for conducting numerical simulation. Results suggest that landslide volume is about 150 million m³ or more, the landslide probably reached the sea in only a minute, and the event may have been almost finished in a couple of minutes. Landslide velocity upon reaching the sea is estimated at 100 m/sec and the thickness of landslide front is estimated at 30 m, which are enough to generate a tsunami causing a huge disaster along the seashore of Ariake bay.

Cite this article as:

K. Miyamoto, “Numerical Simulation of Landslide Movement and Unzen-Mayuyama Disaster in 1792, Japan,” J. Disaster Res., Vol.5 No.3, pp. 280-287, 2010.

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References

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[3] Volcano World,
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[4] M. Michiue, S. Uemura, T. Kubota, K. Miyamoto, K. Matsumura, J. Takahama, and H. Shima, “Study on Mayuyama Collapse in ‘Simabara Taihen Higo Meiwaku’,” Proc. 46st Annual Congress of JSECE, pp. 240-241, 1997 (in Japanese).
[5] K. Inoue, “Shimabara Shigatusaku Earthquake and Topographic Changes by Shimabara Catastrophe in 1792,” J. of the Japan Soc. of Erosion Control Eng., Vol.52, No.4, pp. 45-54, 1999.
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[7] S. Okuda, “Futures of Debris Deposit of Large Slope Failures Investigated from Historical Records,” Ann. D.P.R.I. Kyoto Univ., 27B-1, pp. 353-368, 1984 (in Japanese).
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[10] K. Hsu, “Catastrophic Debris Stream Generated by Rockfalls,” Geological Soc. American Bull. Vol.86, pp. 129-140, 1975.
[11] Y. Tsuji and T. Hino, “Distribution of Wave Height and Damage in Kumamoto Side of Ariake Bay due to Ariake Tsunami by Mayuyama Collapse in l792,” Annuals of ERI, pp. 91-176, 1993 (in Japanese).
[12] M. Michiue, O. Hinokidani, and K. Miyamoto, “Study on the Mayuyama Tsunami Disaster in 1792,” Proc. 28th Congress of IAHR, CD-R d141.pdf, 1999.
[13] S. Egashira, K. Miyamoto, and T. Itoh, “Constitutive Equations of Debris Flow and Their Applicability,” Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation, Water Resources Engineering Division/ASCE, pp. 340-349, 1997.
[14] K. Miyamoto, “Two Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Landslide Mass Movement,” J. JSECE, Vol.55, No.2, pp. 5-13, 2002 (in Japanese).
[15] Y. Kajikawa, M. Michiue, and K. Miyamoto, “Numerical Simulation Method of Tsunami Taking Interaction Between Soil Mass and Water into Account,” Proc. Annual Congress of Chugoku Branch of JSCE, pp. II-2-1-2, 2000 (in Japanese).

This article is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationa License.

[1] [1] R. J. Brong, “Volcanic Hazards,” Academic Press Australia, 1984.

[2] [2] S. Self, M. R. Rampino, M. S. Newton, and J. A. Wolff, “Volcanological study of the great Tambora eruption of 1815: Geology,” Vol.12, pp. 659-663, 1989.

[3] [3] Volcano World,
http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/education/facts/largest_erups.html.

[4] [4] M. Michiue, S. Uemura, T. Kubota, K. Miyamoto, K. Matsumura, J. Takahama, and H. Shima, “Study on Mayuyama Collapse in ‘Simabara Taihen Higo Meiwaku’,” Proc. 46st Annual Congress of JSECE, pp. 240-241, 1997 (in Japanese).

[5] [5] K. Inoue, “Shimabara Shigatusaku Earthquake and Topographic Changes by Shimabara Catastrophe in 1792,” J. of the Japan Soc. of Erosion Control Eng., Vol.52, No.4, pp. 45-54, 1999.

[6] [6] A. E. Scheidegger, “On the Prediction of the Reach and Velocity of Catastrophic Landslides,” Rock Mechanics, 5, pp. 231-236, 1973.

[7] [7] S. Okuda, “Futures of Debris Deposit of Large Slope Failures Investigated from Historical Records,” Ann. D.P.R.I. Kyoto Univ., 27B-1, pp. 353-368, 1984 (in Japanese).

[8] [8] Y. Machida, “Large-Scale Rockslides, Avalanches and Related Phenomena, Trans. Japanese Geomorphological Union,” Vol.5, No.3, pp. 155-178, 1984 (in Japanese).

[9] [9] JICA, “The study on Flood and Mud Flow Control for Sacobia-Banban/Abacan River Draining from Mt.Pinatubo,” JICA Report, 1996.

[10] [10] K. Hsu, “Catastrophic Debris Stream Generated by Rockfalls,” Geological Soc. American Bull. Vol.86, pp. 129-140, 1975.

[11] [11] Y. Tsuji and T. Hino, “Distribution of Wave Height and Damage in Kumamoto Side of Ariake Bay due to Ariake Tsunami by Mayuyama Collapse in l792,” Annuals of ERI, pp. 91-176, 1993 (in Japanese).

[12] [12] M. Michiue, O. Hinokidani, and K. Miyamoto, “Study on the Mayuyama Tsunami Disaster in 1792,” Proc. 28th Congress of IAHR, CD-R d141.pdf, 1999.

[13] [13] S. Egashira, K. Miyamoto, and T. Itoh, “Constitutive Equations of Debris Flow and Their Applicability,” Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation, Water Resources Engineering Division/ASCE, pp. 340-349, 1997.

[14] [14] K. Miyamoto, “Two Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Landslide Mass Movement,” J. JSECE, Vol.55, No.2, pp. 5-13, 2002 (in Japanese).

[15] [15] Y. Kajikawa, M. Michiue, and K. Miyamoto, “Numerical Simulation Method of Tsunami Taking Interaction Between Soil Mass and Water into Account,” Proc. Annual Congress of Chugoku Branch of JSCE, pp. II-2-1-2, 2000 (in Japanese).