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JRM Vol.38 No.5 pp. 1337-1344
(2026)
doi: 10.20965/jrm.2026.p1337

Paper:

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Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Detection of Glucose Using VO2-Based Tungsten Microneedles

Ganesh Kumar Mani*1,*2 ORCID Icon, Ponnusamy Dhivya*2,*3 ORCID Icon, Madhanraj Ramu*4, Akshay Krishnakumar*2, Toshiaki Kanematsu*5, and Kazuyoshi Tsuchiya*2,*6 ORCID Icon

*1Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea

*2Micro/Nano Technology Center, Tokai University
4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan

*3Education Center for Emerging Energy Technology on Climate Change, Chungnam National University
99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong District, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea

*4Hindusthan College of Arts & Science (HICAS)
Avinashi Rd, behind Nava India, Udayampalayam, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641028, India

*5Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokai University
4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan

*6Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokai University
4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan

Received:
April 15, 2026
Accepted:
September 14, 2026
Published:
October 20, 2026
Creative Commons License
Keywords:
VO2, tungsten microneedles, glucose bio sensor, non-enzymatic
Abstract

Traditional glucose-detection methods, such as calorimetric, optical, and physical biosensors, are not suitable for real-time applications owing to their high maintenance, cost, and time requirements. This study aims to create a painless glucose detection system, employing a tungsten microneedle as a non-enzymatic electrochemical biosensing platform. It employs, for the first time, vanadium oxide (VO2)-based non-enzymatic tungsten microneedles as the working electrode for electrochemical detection. The correlation between glucose concentration and the microneedles’ reaction was evaluated by cyclic voltammetric and amperometric investigations. Furthermore, this work addresses the critical challenges that currently limit the practical implementation of embedded tissue sensing technologies, including weak signal propagation within biological tissues, long-term electrochemical stability, and biocompatibility. Thus, the proposed platform enables reliable and sustained transmission of biological information from living tissues.

VO<sub>2</sub> microneedle: structure and sensing

VO2 microneedle: structure and sensing

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Cite this article as:
G. Mani, P. Dhivya, M. Ramu, A. Krishnakumar, T. Kanematsu, and K. Tsuchiya, “Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Detection of Glucose Using VO2-Based Tungsten Microneedles,” J. Robot. Mechatron., Vol.38 No.5, pp. 1337-1344, 2026.
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Last updated on Oct. 19, 2026