single-dr.php

JDR Vol.16 No.7 pp. 1030-1044
(2021)
doi: 10.20965/jdr.2021.p1030

Paper:

Inter-Model Comparison for Tsunami Debris Simulation

Tomoyuki Takabatake*1,†, Jacob Stolle*2, Koji Hiraishi*3, Naoto Kihara*4, Kazuya Nojima*5, Yoshinori Shigihara*6, Taro Arikawa*3, and Ioan Nistor*7

*1Kindai University
3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi Osaka-shi, Osaka 577-8502, Japan

Corresponding author

*2Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Québec, Canada

*3Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan

*4Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Chiba, Japan

*5Research and Development Center, Nippon Koei Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan

*6Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National Defense Academy (NDA), Kanagawa, Japan

*7Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada

Received:
April 3, 2021
Accepted:
June 21, 2021
Published:
October 1, 2021
Keywords:
tsunami, debris, numerical modelling, inter-model comparison, Hackathon
Abstract

Assessing the risk of tsunami-driven debris has increasingly been recognized as an important design consideration. The recent ASCE/SEI7-16 standard Chapter 6 requires all the areas included within a 22.5° spreading angle from the debris source to consider the debris impact. However, it would be more reasonable to estimate the risks using numerical simulation models. Although a number of simulation models to predict tsunami debris transport have been proposed individually, comparative studies for these simulation models have rarely been conducted. Thus, in the present study, an inter-model comparison for tsunami debris simulation model was performed as a part of the virtual Tsunami Hackathon held in Japan from September 1 to 3 in 2020. The blind benchmarking experiment, which recorded the transport of three container models under a tsunami-like bore, was conducted to generate a unique dataset. Then, four different numerical models were applied to reproduce the experiments. Simulated results demonstrated considerable differences among the simulation models. Essentially, the importance of accurate modelling of a flow field, especially a tsunami front, was confirmed to be important in simulating debris motion. Parametric studies performed in each model and comparisons between different models also confirmed that a drag coefficient and inertia coefficient would influence the simulated debris trajectory and velocity. It was also shown that two-way coupled modelling to express the interaction between debris and a tsunami is important to accurately model the debris motion.

Cite this article as:
T. Takabatake, J. Stolle, K. Hiraishi, N. Kihara, K. Nojima, Y. Shigihara, T. Arikawa, and I. Nistor, “Inter-Model Comparison for Tsunami Debris Simulation,” J. Disaster Res., Vol.16 No.7, pp. 1030-1044, 2021.
Data files:
References
  1. [1] C. E. Synolakis, E. N. Bernard, V. V. Titov, U. Kânoğlu, and F. I. González, “Validation and verification of tsunami numerical models,” Pure Appl. Geophys., Vol.165, pp. 2197-2228, 2008.
  2. [2] D. M. Wiebe and D. T. Cox, “Application of fragility curves to estimate building damage and economic loss at a community scale: a case study of Seaside, Oregon,” Nat. Hazards, Vol.71, No.1, pp. 2043-2061, 2014.
  3. [3] P. J. Lynett, K. Gately, R. Wilson et al., “Inter-model analysis of tsunami-induced coastal currents,” Ocean Modeling, Vol.114, pp. 14-32, 2017.
  4. [4] T. Takabatake, P. St-Germain, I. Nistor, J. Stolle, and T. Shibayama, “Numerical modelling of coastal inundation from Cascadia Subduction Zone tsunamis and implications for coastal communities on western Vancouver Island, Canada,” Nat Hazards, Vol.98, pp. 267-291, 2019.
  5. [5] F. Imamura, “Devastating damage due to the 2004 Sumatora Earthquake Tsunami – Lessons for Japan –,” Proc. of Civil Engineering in the Ocean, Vol.21, pp. 31-37, 2005.
  6. [6] A. Ghobarah, M. Saatcioglu, and I. Nistor, “The impact of the 26 December 2004 earthquake and tsunami on structures and infrastructure,” Eng. Struct., Vol.28, No.2, pp. 312-326, 2006.
  7. [7] H. Yeh, A. R. Barbosa, H. Ko, and J. G. Cawley, “Tsunami loadings on structures: Review and analysis,” Coastal Eng. Proc., No.34, doi: 10.9753/icce.v34.currents.4, 2014.
  8. [8] J. Stolle, C. Krautwald, I. Robertson et al., “Engineering Lessons from the 28 September 2018 Indonesian Tsunami: Debris Loading,” Can. J. Civil Eng., Vol.47, No.1, pp. 1-12, 2020.
  9. [9] T. Takabatake, T. Shibayama, M. Esteban et al., “Field Survey and Evacuation Behaviour during the 2018 Sunda Strait Tsunami,” Coast. Eng. J., Vol.61, No.2, pp. 423-443, 2019.
  10. [10] American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), “Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures,” pp. 7-16, 2016.
  11. [11] C. Naito, C. Cercone, H. R. Riggs, and D. Cox, “Procedure for site assessment of the potential for tsunami debris impact,” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng., Vol.140, No.2, pp. 223-232, 2014.
  12. [12] I. Nistor, N. Goseberg, J. Stolle, T. Mikami, T. Shibayama, R. Nakamura, and S. Matsuba, “Experimental investigations of debris dynamics over a horizontal Plane,” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng., Vol.143, No.1, 04016022, 2016.
  13. [13] J. Stolle, N. Goseberg, I. Nistor, and E. Petriu, “Probabilistic investigation and risk assessment of debris transport in extreme hydrodynamic conditions,” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng., Vol.144, No.1, 04017039, 2017.
  14. [14] J. Stolle, T. Takabatake, G. Hamano et al., “Debris transport over a sloped surface in tsunami-like flow conditions,” Coast. Eng. J., Vol.61, No.2, pp. 241-255, 2019.
  15. [15] I. Nistor, N. Goseberg, and J. Stolle, “Tsunami-Driven Debris Motion and Loads: A Critical Review,” Frontiers in Built Environment, Vol.3, doi: 10.3389/fbuil.2017.00002, 2017.
  16. [16] E. Rastgoftar, M. R. A. Jannat, and B. Banijamali, “An integrated numerical method for simulation of drifted objects trajectory under real-world tsunami waves,” Appl. Ocean Res., Vol.73, pp. 1-16, 2018.
  17. [17] A. Amicarelli, R. Albano, D. Mirauda, G. Agate, A. Sole, and R. Guandalini, “A Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics model for 3D solid body transport in free surface flows,” Comput. Fluids, Vol.116, pp. 205-228, 2015.
  18. [18] T. Nakamura, N. Mizutani, and Y. Wakamatsu, “Study on drift behavior of container on apron due to tsunami-induced incoming and return flow,” Coastal Eng. Proc., No.33, doi: 10.9753/icce.v33.currents.16, 2016.
  19. [19] K. Kawasaki and K. Ogiso, “Development of 3-D multiphase flow numerical model “DOLPHIN-3D” and its application to wave-rigid body interaction problems,” Proc. of the 31st Int. Conf. on Coastal Engineering, pp. 3199-3211, 2008.
  20. [20] T. Goto, “Driftage of timbers by a tsunami,” Proc. of Coastal Engineering, JSCE, Vol.29, pp. 491-495, 1982 (in Japanese).
  21. [21] T. Goto, “Numerical analysis of timbers drifted by a tsunami,” Proc. of Coastal Engineering, JSCE, Vol.30, pp. 594-597, 1983 (in Japanese).
  22. [22] M. Noji, F. Imamura, and N. Shuto, “Numerical simulation of movement of large rocks transported by tsunamis,” Proc. of IUGG/IOC Int. Tsunami Symp., pp. 189-197, 1993.
  23. [23] F. Imamura, I. Yoshida, and A. Moore, “Numerical study of the 1771 Meiwa tsunami at Ishigaki Island, Okinawa and the movement of the tsunami stones,” Proc. of Coastal Engineering, JSCE, Vol.48, pp. 346-350, 2001 (in Japanese).
  24. [24] F. Imamura, K. Goto, and S. Okubo, “A numerical model for the transport of a boulder by tsunami,” J. Gephys Res-Ocean, Vol.113, C01008, 2008.
  25. [25] B. H. Choi, S. J. Hong, D. Hwang et al., “Catastrophic Tsunami in the Indian Ocean (December 26, 2004): Data of two Field Surveys and Numerical Simulation,” Sumatra Tsunami on 26th December 2004, Proc. of Special Asia Tsunami Session at APAC 2005, pp. 159-187, 2005.
  26. [26] N. Fujii, M. Ohmori, T. Ikeya, R. Asakura, T. Iriya, and K. Yanagisawa, “Fundamental study on behavior of drifting bodies due to tsunami,” Proc. of Civil Engineering in the Ocean, Vol.21, pp. 127-132, 2005 (in Japanese).
  27. [27] N. Fujii, M. Ohomori, T. Ikeya, R. Asakura, T. Takeda, and K. Yanagisawa, “Numerical simulation for tsunami drifted object in a port,” Proc. of Coastal Engineering, JSCE, Vol.52, pp. 296-300, 2005 (in Japanese).
  28. [28] T. Ikeya, R. Asakura, N. Fujii, M. Ohmori, T. Takeda, and K. Yanagisawa, “Experiment on tsunami wave force acting on a floating body and development of an evaluation method,” Proc. of Coastal Engineering, JSCE, Vol.52, pp. 761-765, 2005 (in Japanese).
  29. [29] K. Honda, T. Tomita, D. Nishimura, and A. Sakaguchi, “Numerical modeling of tsunami drifted bodies,” Proc. of Civil Engineering in the Ocean, Vol.25, pp. 39-44, 2009 (in Japanese).
  30. [30] T. Tomita and K. Honda, “Practical model to estimate drift motion of vessels by tsunami with consideration of colliding with structures and standing,” Coastal Eng. Proc., No.32, doi: 10.9753/icce.v32.management.27, 2010.
  31. [31] N. Matsuda, T. Tomita, Y. Gyeong-Seon, and T. Takagawa, “Numerical simulation on tsunami-transported large vessel,” J. of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering), Vo.68, No.2, pp. I_256-I_260, 2012 (in Japanese).
  32. [32] T. Tomita and T. Niwa, “Numerical simulation of the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami in Hachinohe port,” J. of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering), Vol.69, No.2, pp. I_236-I_240, 2013 (in Japanese).
  33. [33] T. Tomita, K. Honda, and Y. Chida, “Numerical simulation on tsunami inundation and debris damage by STOC model,” Report of the Port and Airport Research Institute, Vol.55, No.2, pp. 3-33, 2016 (in Japanese).
  34. [34] E. Kobayashi, S. Koshimura, and M. Kubo, “A basic study on ship drifting by tsunami,” J. of the Kansai Society of Naval Architects, Vol.243, pp. 49-56, 2005 (in Japanese).
  35. [35] T. Hashimoto, S. Koshimura, and E. Kobayashi, “Analysis of large ship drifting motion by tsunami – a case study in Banda Aceh, Indonesia –,” J. of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering), Vol.B2-65, No.1, pp. 316-320, 2009 (in Japanese).
  36. [36] T. Hashimoto, S. Koshimura, E. Kobayashi, N. Fujii, and M. Takao, “Development of hazard map in waterfront area by ship drifting and grounding model in tsunami,” J. of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering), Vol.66, No.1, pp. 236-240, 2010 (in Japanese).
  37. [37] Y. Suga, S. Koshimura, and E. Kobayashi, “Risk Evaluation of Drifting Ship by Tsunami,” J. Disaster Res., Vol.8, No.4, pp. 573-583, doi: 10.20965/jdr.2013.p0573, 2013.
  38. [38] N. Kihara, M. Matsuyama, and N. Fujii, “A probablistic approach for debris impact risk with numerical simulations debris behavior,” J. of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering), Vol.69, No.2, pp. I_341-I_345, 2013 (in Japanese).
  39. [39] N. Kihara and H. Kaida, “Applicability of tracking simulations for probabilistic assessment of floating debris collision in tsunami inundation flow,” Coast. Eng. J., Vol.62, No.1, pp. 69-84, 2020.
  40. [40] H. Kaida and N. Kihara, “The debris behavior on the tsunami inundation flow,” J. of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering), Vol.72, No.2, pp. I_1159-I_1164, 2016 (in Japanese).
  41. [41] S. Heo, Y. Shigihara, T. Tada, and K. Hayashi, “Hydraulic experiment and verification of numerical simulation for drifting and stranding multiple vessel by tsunami,” J. of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering), Vol.71, No.2, pp. I_277-I_282, 2015 (in Japanese).
  42. [42] Y. Shigihara, S. Heo, and T. Tada, “Applicability of objects drifting model by tsunami for practical problems,” J. of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering), Vol.72, No.2, pp. I_427-I_432, 2016 (in Japanese).
  43. [43] K. Yamashita, Y. Shigihara, D. Sugawara, T. Arikawa, T. Takahashi, and F. Imamura,“Effect of sediment transport on tsunami hazard and building damage – an integrated simulation of tsunami inundation, sediment transport and drifting vessels in Kesennuma city, Miyagi prefecture during the great East Japan Earthquake –,” J. of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering), Vol.73, No.2, pp. I_355-I_360, 2017 (in Japanese).
  44. [44] K. Kumagai, K. Oda, and N. Fujii. “Applicability of simulation model for drifted containerdue to tsunami,” Proc. of the Japanese Conf. on Coastal Engineering, Vol.53, pp. 241-245 (in Japanese).
  45. [45] K. Anno, T. Nishihata, and Y. Morita. “Numerical and experimental study on drift due to tsunami considering the drag force coefficient as a function of current angle,” Proc. of Civil Engineering in the Ocean, Vol.23, pp. 87-92 (in Japanese).
  46. [46] H. Gotoh, H. Ikari, T. Shibata, K. Ogura, K. Tonomo, and T. Shikata, “Numerical simulation on drifting and submerging containers driven by tsunami,” J. of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering), Vol.66, No.1, pp. 806-810 (in Japanese).
  47. [47] K. Nojima, M. Sakurai, and Y. Kozono, “A Prosal of Applicative Tsunami Wreckage Simulation and Damage Estimation,” J. of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B3 (Ocean Engineering), Vol.70, No.2, pp. I_337-I_342, 2014 (in Japanese).
  48. [48] K. Nojima, M. Sakuraba, and Y. Kozono, “Applicative estimation of damage risk from tsunami wreckage in consideration of submergence,” J. of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering), Vol.70, No.2, I_261-I_265, 2014 (in Japanese).
  49. [49] K. Nojima, M. Sakuraba, and Y. Kozono, “Development of a practical damage-forecasting method which considered indeterminacy of a tsunami drifts,” J. of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering), Vol.72, No.2, pp. I_199-I_204, 2016 (in Japanese).
  50. [50] K. Nojima, M. Sakuraba, and Y. Kozono, “Development of a model for the tsunami drifts analysis considering effects of structures and tsunami barrier,” J. of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering), Vol.73, No.2, pp. I_343-I_348, 2017 (in Japanese).
  51. [51] K. Nojima, S. Takase, and M. Sakuraba, “Study on collison force of tsunami due to difference of arrangement of drifting objects,” J. of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering), Vol.74, No.2, pp. I_367-I_372, 2018 (in Japanese).
  52. [52] Y. Kozono, T. Takahashi, M. Sakuraba, and K. Nojima, “Development of tsunami numerical model considering generation and various transport form of the disaster debris,” J. of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering), Vol.72, No.2, pp. I_439-I_444, 2016 (in Japanese).
  53. [53] Y. Kozono, T. Takahashi, M. Sakuraba, and K. Nojima, “Application of tsunami numerical model considering collapsed buildings and disaster debris for the Nankai trough,” J. of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering), Vol.73, No.2, pp. I_403-I_408, 2017 (in Japanese).
  54. [54] Y. Chida and T. Takagawa, “Numerical study on the distribution charcteristics of debris due to tsunami by using nondestructive and fragmented drift object,” Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering), Vol.75, No.2, pp. I_445-I_450, 2019 (in Japanese).
  55. [55] J. Stolle, B. Ghodoosipour, C. Derschum, I. Nistor, E. Petriu, and N. Goseberg, “Swing gate generated dam-break waves,” J. of Hydraulic Research, Vol.57, No.5, 2018.
  56. [56] R. H. Bloks. “The IEEE-1394 high speed serial bus,” Philips J. Res., Vol.50, No.1, pp. 209-216, 1996.
  57. [57] J. Stolle, I. Nistor, and N. Goseberg. “Optical tracking of floating shipping containers in a high-velocity flow,” Coastal Engineering J., Vol.58, No.2, 1650005, 2016.
  58. [58] M. Kotani, F. Imamura, and N. Shuto, “Tsunami run-up simulation and damage estimation by using GIS,” Proc. of Coastal Engineering, JSCE, Vol.45, pp. 356-360, 1998 (in Japanese).
  59. [59] S. Ikesue, K. Kushioka, T. Hirai, E. Miyokawa, Y. Minakawa, G. Nakamura, Y. Okuda, and T. Toita, “Study on Impact Velocity of Tsunami Debris in Consideration of Surrounding Flow,” J. of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B3 (Ocean Engineering), Vol.73, No.2, pp. I_486-I_491, 2017 (in Japanese).
  60. [60] Y. Kurahara, M. Takeda, T. Takagawa, and Y. Chida, “Validation of debris model for container drifting in tsunami backwash considering bottom friction effect,” J. of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B3 (Ocean Engineering), Vol.76, No.2, pp. I_959-I_964, 2020 (in Japanese).
  61. [61] J. Stolle, I. Nistor, N. Goseberg, and E. Petriu, “Development of a probabilistic framework for debris transport and hazard assessment in tsunami-like flow conditions,” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng., Vol.146, No.5, 04020026, 2020.
  62. [62] T. Goto and N. Shuto, “Comparison of tsunami numerical modeling and the numerical treatment of wave front,” Proc. of Coastal Engineering, JSCE, Vol.27, pp. 80-84, 1980 (in Japanese).
  63. [63] H. Yang, M. Lu, and T. Kumakura, “A study on the waterfront in shallow water equatons,” J. of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering), Vol.72, No.4, pp. I_325-I_330, 2016 (in Japanese).
  64. [64] K. Kawasaki, K. Suzuki, Y. Takasugi, Y. Nishimura, and T. Arimitsu, “Run-up analysis of tsunami bore using horizontal two dimensional model bad on CIP method,” J. of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B3 (Ocean Engineering), Vol.69, No.2, pp. I_700-I_705, 2013 (in Japanese).
  65. [65] Y. Tajima, N. Kirigaya, and T. Sakurazawa, “Impact of fluid-debris interactions on nearshore inundation characteristics,” J. of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering), Vol.72, No.2, pp. I_205-I_210, 2016 (in Japanese).
  66. [66] T. Tomita, T. Hachisuka, and Y. Chida, “Model experiment and numerical simulation on tsunami-driven motion of a group of debris objects,” J. of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering), Vol.75, No.2, pp. I_761-I_765, 2019 (in Japanese).
  67. [67] T. Arikawa, D. Ohtsubo, F. Nakano, K. Shimosako, and N. Ishikawa, “Large model tests of drifting container impact force due to surge front tsunami,” Proc. of Coastal Engineering, JSCE, Vol.54, pp. 846-850, 2007 (in Japanese).
  68. [68] M. Ikeno, D. Takabatake, N. Kihara, H. Kaida, Y. Miyagawa, and A. Shibayama, “Improvement of collision force formula for woody debris by airborne and hydraulic experiments,” Coast. Eng. J., Vol.58, No.4, 1640022, 2016.
  69. [69] J. Stolle, T. Takabatake, I. Nistor et al., “Experimental investigation of debris damming loads under transient supercritical flow conditions,” Coastal Engineering, Vol.139, pp. 16-31, 2018.

*This site is desgined based on HTML5 and CSS3 for modern browsers, e.g. Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge, Opera.

Last updated on Oct. 01, 2024