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JDR Vol.14 No.1 pp. 27-39
(2019)
doi: 10.20965/jdr.2019.p0027

Paper:

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Eruption Pattern and a Long-Term Magma Discharge Rate over the Past 100 Years at Kelud Volcano, Indonesia

Fukashi Maeno*1,†, Setsuya Nakada*1,*2, Mitsuhiro Yoshimoto*3, Taketo Shimano*4, Natsumi Hokanishi*1, Akhmad Zaennudin*5, and Masato Iguchi*6

*1Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo
1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan

†Corresponding author

*2National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, Ibaraki, Japan

*3Mount Fuji Research Institute, Yamanashi Prefectural Government, Yamanashi, Japan

*4Graduate School of Environmental and Disaster Research, Tokoha University, Shizuoka, Japan

*5Centre for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, Bandung, Indonesia

*6Sakurajima Volcano Research Center, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kagoshima, Japan

Received:
August 29, 2018
Accepted:
December 13, 2018
Published:
February 1, 2019
Creative Commons License
Keywords:
plinian eruption, discharge rate, tephra, volume, Kelud
Abstract

Kelud Volcano is among the most active volcanoes in Indonesia, with repeated explosive eruptions throughout its history. Here, we reconstructed the relationship between the repose period and the cumulative volume of erupted material over the past 100 years and estimated the long-term magma discharge rate and future eruptive potential and hazards. Tephra data and eruption sequences described in historical documents were used to estimate the volume and mass discharge rate. The volumes of the 1901, 1919, 1951, 1966, 1990, and 2014 eruptions were estimated as 51–296 × 106 m3. The mass discharge rates were estimated to be on the order of 107 kg/s for the 1919, 1951, and 2014 eruptions and the order of 106 kg/s for the 1966 and 1990 eruptions. Based on a linear relationship between the repose period and cumulative erupted mass, the long-term mass discharge rate was estimated as ∼ 1.5 × 1010 kg/year, explaining the features of the larger eruptions (1919, 1951, and 2014) but not those of the smaller eruptions (1966 and 1990). This estimate is relatively high compared to other typical basaltic-andesitic subduction-zone volcanoes. This result provides important insights into the evolution of magmatic systems and prediction of future eruptions at Kelud Volcano.

Cite this article as:
F. Maeno, S. Nakada, M. Yoshimoto, T. Shimano, N. Hokanishi, A. Zaennudin, and M. Iguchi, “Eruption Pattern and a Long-Term Magma Discharge Rate over the Past 100 Years at Kelud Volcano, Indonesia,” J. Disaster Res., Vol.14 No.1, pp. 27-39, 2019.
Data files:
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