Influence of Openings and Orientation on Tsunami Generated Forces on Buildings

Chathura Manawasekara; Norimi Mizutani; Satoru Aoki

doi:10.20965/jdr.2016.p0670

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JDR Vol.11 No.4 pp. 670-679

(2016)

doi: 10.20965/jdr.2016.p0670

Paper:

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Influence of Openings and Orientation on Tsunami Generated Forces on Buildings

Chathura Manawasekara^,†, Norimi Mizutani^, and Satoru Aoki^

^*Civil Engineering Research Institute, Taisei Corporation
344-1 Nase-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0051, Japan

^†Corresponding author,

^**Civil Engineering Department, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

^***Power Generation Division, Hokkaido Electric Power Co., Inc., Hokkaido, Japan

Received:

December 15, 2015

Accepted:

July 25, 2016

Published:

August 1, 2016

Keywords:

tsunami evacuation buildings, tsunami force, building openings, building orientation

Abstract

Using coastal buildings for the emergency evacuation process in an unexpected tsunami event is an effective measure in flat widespread coastal areas. This is especially true in countries such as Japan located adjacent to the faults of tectonic plates, and having only a very limited time frame for evacuation following a tsunami warning. Well-constructed tsunami evacuation buildings can play a vital role under such circumstances. This makes proper understanding of tsunami force and its variation in different building configurations vital in the engineering design of such buildings. In this study, we assessed tsunami force estimation methods for buildings consisting of openings. We also discuss the influence of their internal configurations and orientations for incoming tsunami flow based on physical model experiments and numerical simulation and analysis. Results indicated that the arrangement of internal building configurations with large openings is important in estimating tsunami force, and that building orientation related to the direction in which the tsunami approaches also affects tsunami force, mainly due to the change in effective area directly facing the tsunami.

Cite this article as:

C. Manawasekara, N. Mizutani, and S. Aoki, “Influence of Openings and Orientation on Tsunami Generated Forces on Buildings,” J. Disaster Res., Vol.11 No.4, pp. 670-679, 2016.

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References

[1] Y. Nakano, “Design load evaluation for tsunami shelters based on damage observations after Indian Ocean tsunami disaster due to the 2004 Sumatra earthquake,” The 14^th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Paper ID 15-0008, 2008.
[2] T. Asai et al., “Tsunami load evaluation based on damage observation after the 2011 great East Japan earthquake,” Proc. of the Int. Symposium on Engineering Lessons Learned from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, March 2012.
[3] Cabinet Office Government of Japan, “Guidline for tsunami evacuation buildings,” 2005.
[4] T. Asakura, K. Iwase, T. Ikeya, M. Takao, T. Kaneto, N. Fuji, and M. Omori, “An experimental study on wave force acting on on-shore structures due to overflowing tsunamis,” Proc. of Coastal Eng., Vol.47, pp. 911-915, 2000.
[5] K. Fujima, F. Achmad, Y. Shigihara, and N. Mizutani, “Estimation of tsunami force acting on rectangular structures,” J. of Disaster Research, Vol.4, No.6, pp. 404-409, 2009.
[6] C. Manawasekara, S. Aoki, K. H. Lee, N. Mizutani, N. Hirakawa, and A. Ashizawa, “Effect of three-dimensionality on tsunami force acting on a structure,” J. of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B3, Vol.69, No.2, pp. I_407-I_412, 2013.
[7] K. H. Lee, N. Mizutani, and Y. K. Kang, “Applicability of 3D numerical wave tank to slit-type caisson breakwater with complex geometry,” Annual J. of Civil Engineering in Ocean, JSCE, Vol.26, pp. 69-74, 2010.
[8] T. Nakamura and T. Yabe, “Cubic interpolated propagation scheme for solving the hyper-dimensional Vlasov-Poission equation in phase space,” Computer Physics Communications, Vol.120, No.(2-3), pp. 122-154, 1999.
[9] K. Kawasaki, “Fundamental study on wave breaking and post-breaking deformation due to submerged structure,” Doctoral Dissertation, Nagoya University, 1998 (in Japanese).
[10] N. Mizutani, S. Aoki, C. Manawasekara, and T. Nakamura, “Effect of space configuration of building on tsunami force on it,” Coastal Engineering Proc., Vol.34, 2014.
[11] G. Yeom, N. Mizutani, K. Shiraishi, A. Usami, S. Miyajima, and T. Tomita, “Study on behavior of drifting containers due to tsunami an-d collision forces,” Annual J. of Coastal Engineering, JSCE, Vol.54, pp. 856-860, 2007 (in Japanese).
[12] S. Reese, B. A. Bradley, J. Bind, G. Smart, W. Power, and J. Sturman, “Empirical building fragilities from observed damage in the 2009 South Pacific tsunami,” Earth-Science Reviews, Vol.107, pp. 156-173, 2011.

This article is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationa License.

[1] [1] Y. Nakano, “Design load evaluation for tsunami shelters based on damage observations after Indian Ocean tsunami disaster due to the 2004 Sumatra earthquake,” The 14^th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Paper ID 15-0008, 2008.

[2] [2] T. Asai et al., “Tsunami load evaluation based on damage observation after the 2011 great East Japan earthquake,” Proc. of the Int. Symposium on Engineering Lessons Learned from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, March 2012.

[3] [3] Cabinet Office Government of Japan, “Guidline for tsunami evacuation buildings,” 2005.

[4] [4] T. Asakura, K. Iwase, T. Ikeya, M. Takao, T. Kaneto, N. Fuji, and M. Omori, “An experimental study on wave force acting on on-shore structures due to overflowing tsunamis,” Proc. of Coastal Eng., Vol.47, pp. 911-915, 2000.

[5] [5] K. Fujima, F. Achmad, Y. Shigihara, and N. Mizutani, “Estimation of tsunami force acting on rectangular structures,” J. of Disaster Research, Vol.4, No.6, pp. 404-409, 2009.

[6] [6] C. Manawasekara, S. Aoki, K. H. Lee, N. Mizutani, N. Hirakawa, and A. Ashizawa, “Effect of three-dimensionality on tsunami force acting on a structure,” J. of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B3, Vol.69, No.2, pp. I_407-I_412, 2013.

[7] [7] K. H. Lee, N. Mizutani, and Y. K. Kang, “Applicability of 3D numerical wave tank to slit-type caisson breakwater with complex geometry,” Annual J. of Civil Engineering in Ocean, JSCE, Vol.26, pp. 69-74, 2010.

[8] [8] T. Nakamura and T. Yabe, “Cubic interpolated propagation scheme for solving the hyper-dimensional Vlasov-Poission equation in phase space,” Computer Physics Communications, Vol.120, No.(2-3), pp. 122-154, 1999.

[9] [9] K. Kawasaki, “Fundamental study on wave breaking and post-breaking deformation due to submerged structure,” Doctoral Dissertation, Nagoya University, 1998 (in Japanese).

[10] [10] N. Mizutani, S. Aoki, C. Manawasekara, and T. Nakamura, “Effect of space configuration of building on tsunami force on it,” Coastal Engineering Proc., Vol.34, 2014.

[11] [11] G. Yeom, N. Mizutani, K. Shiraishi, A. Usami, S. Miyajima, and T. Tomita, “Study on behavior of drifting containers due to tsunami an-d collision forces,” Annual J. of Coastal Engineering, JSCE, Vol.54, pp. 856-860, 2007 (in Japanese).

[12] [12] S. Reese, B. A. Bradley, J. Bind, G. Smart, W. Power, and J. Sturman, “Empirical building fragilities from observed damage in the 2009 South Pacific tsunami,” Earth-Science Reviews, Vol.107, pp. 156-173, 2011.

Influence of Openings and Orientation on Tsunami Generated Forces on Buildings

Chathura Manawasekara*,†, Norimi Mizutani**, and Satoru Aoki***

Chathura Manawasekara^,†, Norimi Mizutani^, and Satoru Aoki^