Top > JDR > Storm Surge Impact to Subterranean Areas by Hurricane Sandy, ...

single-dr.php

JDR Vol.11 No.2 pp. 274-284
(2016)
doi: 10.20965/jdr.2016.p0274

Paper:

Views over last 60 days: 1,053

Storm Surge Impact to Subterranean Areas by Hurricane Sandy, and Lessons for Japan’s Storm Surge Countermeasures

Joel Challender

Research Institute for Disaster Mitigation and Environmental Studies
NPO CeMI (Crisis and Environment Management Policy Institute)
505 Royal Wakaba, 1-22 Wakaba, Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo 160-0011, Japan

Received:
September 10, 2015
Accepted:
February 11, 2016
Online released:
March 18, 2016
Published:
March 1, 2016
Creative Commons License
Keywords:
Hurricane Sandy, storm surge, subterranean inundation, urban flooding, evacuation, resiliency, climate change
Abstract
Hurricane Sandy caused critical damage to subterranean infrastructure in New York and also claimed 285 human lives across the Eastern Seaboard. The storm surge impact easily overwhelmed existing pumping systems, devastating power supply and paralyzing transport. Despite extensive preparations and pre-storm public information efforts, inundation and underground flooding caused causalities. The size of the disaster, sheer scope of damage and multifaceted response spanning the onset through to the recovery phase provides useful lessons for Japan, given its vulnerability to similar storm surges and flooding disasters, such as the Ise Bay Typhoon of 1959. Given this, a delegation composed of members of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) and Researchers from Japan’s Universities and Academic Societies working in disaster prevention conducted two surveys in 2013 and 2014. This involved hearing from emergency management officers in New York, Washington D.C and coastal communities about their experiences evacuating vulnerable residents and protecting critical infrastructure. The author of this paper was a member of both delegations. Based on fieldwork from these joint surveys and other materials, this paper outlines the scope of the damage that a storm of Sandy’s size was capable of inflicting, and looks at lessons applicable to Japan for preventing similar damage to infrastructure and human life in future storm surge events, and discusses how New York is attempting to become a more resilient city in preparation for the next flooding or storm surge disaster.
Cite this article as:
J. Challender, “Storm Surge Impact to Subterranean Areas by Hurricane Sandy, and Lessons for Japan’s Storm Surge Countermeasures,” J. Disaster Res., Vol.11 No.2, pp. 274-284, 2016.
Data files:
References
  1. [1] “Storm Facts,” presentation by MTA Bridges & Tunnels to MLIT Delegation, 2014.
  2. [2] Hurricane Sandy Rebuilding Strategy, Hurricane Sandy Rebuilding Task Force, 2013.
  3. [3] From the Testimony of Thomas F. Prendergast, President of MTA New York City Transit to the New York Council Committee on Transportation, 2013.
  4. [4] Metropolitan Transportation Authority, presentation to 2013 MLIT Delegation on “Hurricane Sandy Recovery and Damage Assessment.”
  5. [5] NERC, Hurricane Sandy Event Analysis Report, pp. 13, 2014.
  6. [6] FEMA, Mitigation Assessment Team Report, Hurricane Sandy in New Jersey and New York, Hurricane Sandy FEMA After-Action Report, 2013.
  7. [7] MLIT briefing from New Jersey State Police, Trenton New Jersey, September 28, 2014.
  8. [8] NYC Hurricane Sandy After Action – Report to Mayor Bloomberg, 2013.
  9. [9] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Deaths Associated with Hurricane Sandy, 2013.
  10. [10] Capital Needs Assessment 2015-2034, Metropolitan Transportation Authority.
  11. [11] NYC Build it Back, “Rapid Repairs.”
  12. [12] “Announcing the First Multi-Family Buildings to Receive NYC Build it Back Funding,” NYC.gov, 2013.
  13. [13] “Unto the Breach – Self-Funding Models for Urban Levees: Exploring Alternative Financing Models for Modern Storm Surge Management – The Interesting Case of Eastern Staten Island,” The College of Staten Island / CUNY & The University of Canberra, 2014.
  14. [14] Presentation by Heather Damiano (Director of Hazard Mitigation) and Jim McConnell (Assistant Commissioner for Strategic Data and Director of GIS division) to MLIT Delegation at New York City OEM, 2014.
  15. [15] “Risk and Resiliency After Sandy,” The New York Building Congress, 2013.
  16. [16] Y. Kawata, “Downfall of Tokyo due to Devastating Compound Disaster,” Journal of Disaster Research, Vol.6, No.2, 2011.
  17. [17] S. Fraser, G. Leonard, H. Murakami, and I. Matsuo, “Tsunami Vertical Evacuation Buildings – Lessons for International Preparedness Following the 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami,” Journal of Disaster Research, Vol.7, No.sp, 2012.
  18. [18] N. Shuto, “A Century of Countermeasures Against Storm Surges and Tsunamis in Japan,” Journal of Disaster Research, Vol.2, No.1, 2007.

Creative Commons License  This article is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationa License.

*This site is desgined based on HTML5 and CSS3 for modern browsers, e.g. Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge, Opera.

Last updated on Oct. 01, 2024