Effects of Horizontal Drainage Layer for Seepage Control on Mitigation of Liquefaction of Levee Body

Akihiro Takahashi

doi:10.20965/jdr.2012.p0733

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JDR Vol.7 No.6 pp. 733-738

(2012)

doi: 10.20965/jdr.2012.p0733

Paper:

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Effects of Horizontal Drainage Layer for Seepage Control on Mitigation of Liquefaction of Levee Body

Akihiro Takahashi

Department of Civil Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-M1-3 Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan

Received:

July 25, 2012

Accepted:

October 12, 2012

Published:

December 1, 2012

Keywords:

the 2011 Tohoku Pacific Earthquake, liquefaction, levee, drainage layer for seepage control

Abstract

The 2011 Tohoku Pacific Earthquake of March 11 caused extensive damage due to soil liquefaction, triggering major deformations in and eventual collapse of levees. At the same time, the effectiveness of measures to counter the liquefaction of levee foundations was confirmed in many places. In addition, measures for seepage control, such as cut-offs with steel sheet piles for foundation under-seepage and horizontal drainage layers for seepage through embankments, were effective in mitigating large liquefaction-induced deformation of levees in some places. This paper focuses on the effects of the horizontal drainage layer for seepage control on the mitigation of the liquefaction of levees and reports the results of numerical analysis on a levee that survived the earthquake. Analysis results reveal that effects of the drainage layer on the mitigation of levee deformation were unexpectedly low, while a marked difference was seen at the site. Accepting the limitations of numerical analysis, it can be concluded that (1) the major function of the horizontal drainage layer on liquefaction-induced levee damage was to lower the water table in the levee and (2) drainage did not help much in the dissipation of excess pore water pressure in the levee during an earthquake.

Cite this article as:

A. Takahashi, “Effects of Horizontal Drainage Layer for Seepage Control on Mitigation of Liquefaction of Levee Body,” J. Disaster Res., Vol.7 No.6, pp. 733-738, 2012.

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References

[1] “Technical Committee 4 of International Society for SoilMechanics and Geotechnical Engineering: Case histories of post-liquefaction remediation,” The Japanese Geotechnical Society, Tokyo, 117pp, 2001.
[2] A. Takahashi and H. Sugita, “Behaviour of SCP-improved levee during 2003 Miyagiken-Hokubu Earthquake,” in “Earthquake Geotechnical Case Histories for Performance-Based Design,” T. Kokusho (Ed.), Taylor & Francis, Netherlands, pp. 177-184, 2009.
[3] Geospatial Informatino Authority of Japan, “Landform classification map for flood control, Naka-minato (D-1-No.441),” 1977.
[4] K. W. Campbell, “An ampirical analysis of peak horizontal acceleration for the Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of 18 October 1989,” Bull. Seism. Soci. Am., Vol.81, pp. 1938-1958, 1991.
[5] S. Midorikawa, M. Matsuoka, and K. Sakugawa, “Site effects on strong-motion records during the Chiba-ken-toho-oki, Japan Earthquake,” Proc. 9^th Japan Earthquake Engineering Symposium, pp. 85-90, 1994.
[6] A. Takahashi, and J. Takemura, “Liquefaction-induced large displacement of pile-supported wharf,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol.25, No.11, pp. 811-825, 2005.
[7] A. Takahashi, S. Tanimoto, and H. Sugita, “Forces acting on bridge abutments over liquefied ground,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol.30, No.3, pp. 146-156, 2010.
[8] K. Hashiguchi and Z. P. Chen, “Elastoplastic constitutive equation of soils with the subloading surface and the rotational hardening,” International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, Vol.22, No.3, pp. 197-277, 1998.
[9] Japan Road Association, “Specifications for highway bridges,” Part V, Seismic Design, 318pp, 2012.
[10] R. Uzuoka and K. Senba, “Seismic responses of a river levee on soft cohesive ground,” Joint Conference Proceedings of 9^th International Conference on Urban Earthquake Engineering and 4^th Asia Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Tokyo, pp. 463-468, 2012.

This article is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationa License.

[1] [1] “Technical Committee 4 of International Society for SoilMechanics and Geotechnical Engineering: Case histories of post-liquefaction remediation,” The Japanese Geotechnical Society, Tokyo, 117pp, 2001.

[2] [2] A. Takahashi and H. Sugita, “Behaviour of SCP-improved levee during 2003 Miyagiken-Hokubu Earthquake,” in “Earthquake Geotechnical Case Histories for Performance-Based Design,” T. Kokusho (Ed.), Taylor & Francis, Netherlands, pp. 177-184, 2009.

[3] [3] Geospatial Informatino Authority of Japan, “Landform classification map for flood control, Naka-minato (D-1-No.441),” 1977.

[4] [4] K. W. Campbell, “An ampirical analysis of peak horizontal acceleration for the Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of 18 October 1989,” Bull. Seism. Soci. Am., Vol.81, pp. 1938-1958, 1991.

[5] [5] S. Midorikawa, M. Matsuoka, and K. Sakugawa, “Site effects on strong-motion records during the Chiba-ken-toho-oki, Japan Earthquake,” Proc. 9^th Japan Earthquake Engineering Symposium, pp. 85-90, 1994.

[6] [6] A. Takahashi, and J. Takemura, “Liquefaction-induced large displacement of pile-supported wharf,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol.25, No.11, pp. 811-825, 2005.

[7] [7] A. Takahashi, S. Tanimoto, and H. Sugita, “Forces acting on bridge abutments over liquefied ground,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol.30, No.3, pp. 146-156, 2010.

[8] [8] K. Hashiguchi and Z. P. Chen, “Elastoplastic constitutive equation of soils with the subloading surface and the rotational hardening,” International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, Vol.22, No.3, pp. 197-277, 1998.

[9] [9] Japan Road Association, “Specifications for highway bridges,” Part V, Seismic Design, 318pp, 2012.

[10] [10] R. Uzuoka and K. Senba, “Seismic responses of a river levee on soft cohesive ground,” Joint Conference Proceedings of 9^th International Conference on Urban Earthquake Engineering and 4^th Asia Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Tokyo, pp. 463-468, 2012.