Disaster Education in Indonesia: Learning How It  Works from Six Years of Experience After Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004

Irina Rafliana

doi:10.20965/jdr.2012.p0083

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JDR Vol.7 No.1 pp. 83-91

(2012)

doi: 10.20965/jdr.2012.p0083

Paper:

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Disaster Education in Indonesia: Learning How It Works from Six Years of Experience After Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004

Irina Rafliana

Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Raden Saleh 43, Jakarta 10330, Indonesia

Received:

August 1, 2011

Accepted:

December 17, 2011

Published:

January 1, 2012

Keywords:

disaster education, intervention, schoolbased preparedness, risk reduction at schools

Abstract

The most recent disaster events in Indonesia have been a major wakeup call for focusing more attention on disaster education. The task is not easy. The current development conditions, including population growth and environmental degradation increase the level of vulnerabilities of communities at risks (Ronan et al., 2005) against future disasters. As one of the strategies aimed at reducing disaster risks, disaster education interventions were adopted for schools with the hope that it can be an effective catalyst for influencing community preparedness. Many organizations were playing their respective roles in increasing schools’ knowledge and preparedness. Two to four years after the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004, preparedness assessment was conducted for schools, local community and authorities in at least eight districts/cities in Indonesia. The results were quite surprising: preparedness of schools were almost always the lowest. This paper shares lessons learnt from disaster education interventions in Indonesia in the past six years after the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004; some of the designed interventions were a part of the aforementioned preparedness assessment. The aim of this paper is to discuss some approaches and reconsider the effectiveness of integrating disaster risk reduction, not only in the context of Indonesia but also for application around the globe. A shift from awareness raising activities to more process-based activities such as the development of school-based preparedness models, is now occurring and is observable in several schools. Yet, mainstreaming disaster risk management in the school system, as a chosen strategy for reducing risks to schools in potential disaster-prone areas, may not be simple.

Cite this article as:

I. Rafliana, “Disaster Education in Indonesia: Learning How It Works from Six Years of Experience After Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004,” J. Disaster Res., Vol.7 No.1, pp. 83-91, 2012.

Data files:

References

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This article is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationa License.

[1] [1] D. Bryant et al., “Coastlines at Risks: An Index of Potential Development-Related Threats to Coastal Ecosystems,” World Research Institute, Washington DC, 1996.

[2] [2] A. Chibber and R. Parker, “World Bank, Bringing Disaster risk into Development Thinking: How Often Do We Need to be Shaken before We are Stirred?” Real Risk, 2006.

[3] [3] D. Hidayati, H. Permana, K. Pribadi, F. Ismail, K. Meyers, Widayatun, T. Handayani, D. A. Bustami, Daliyo, Fitranita, L. Nagib, Y. Kumoro, I. Rafliana, and T. Argo, “Community Preparedness Assessment Framework: Anticipating Earthquake and Tsunami Disasters in Indonesia,” Jakarta, LIPI-UNESCO/ISDR, 2006,
available at: http://siagabencana.lipi.go.id/system/files/laporan.pdf
[accessed at 22 May 2011]

[4] [4] D. Hidayati, Widayatun, and Triono, “Model Sekolah Siaga Bencana: Antisipasi Terhadap Bencana Gempa dan Tsunami (School Preparedness Model: Anticipation Against Earthquake and Tsunami Disasters),” Final Report on Incentive Program for LIPI Scientists, Indonesian Ministry of Education and Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI), 2009.

[5] [5] Konsorsium Pendidikan Bencana Indonesia (Indonesian Disaster Education Consortium), “Kerangka Kerja Sekolah Siaga Bencana (School-based Preparedness Framework),” Jakarta 2011.

[6] [6] C. Leeuwis, “Communication for Rural Innovation: Rethinking Agricultural Extension,” Blackwell Science, 2006.

[7] [7] Depdiknas – Dirjen Dikdasmen (Indonesian Ministry of Education – Directorate General for Elementary and High School), “Policy Paper in Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction into Formal Education,” Jakarta, 2009.

[8] [8] E. T. Paripurno, “Roles of Universities in Disaster Risk Reduction Together With Communities,” Sub Kegiatan Kompetitif LIPI Kebencanaan dan Lingkungan (Sub Acitivity LIPI Competitive Research Publication on Disaster and Environment), LIPI, 2011.

[9] [9] “Indonesia – National Progress Report on the Implementation of Hyogo Framework of Action (2009-2011) – interim,”
available at: http://www.preventionweb.net/english/hyogo/gar/2011/en/bgdocs/hfa/15941 idn NationalHFAprogress 2009-11.pdf
[accessed at Aug.-Sep. 2011]

[10] [10] I. Rafliana, “Upaya Mendukung Pendidikan Kelautan dan Siaga Bencana di Kawasan Pesisir Indonesia, Meretas Jalan Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal – Sebuah Bunga Rampai (Effort in SupportingMarine Education and Disaster Preparedness in Coastal Areas in Indonesia – Initiating Path for Less Developed Regions),” pp. 129-131, Indonesian Research & Strategic Analysis (IRSA) and Ministry on Under-developed Regions, 2005.

[11] [11] J. Lassa, “What are the Roles of Civil Society in Governing Disaster Reduction in Indonesia?” Sub Kegiatan Kompetitif LIPI Kebencanaan dan Lingkungan (Sub Acitivity LIPI Competitive Research Publication on Disaster and Environment), LIPI, 2011.

[12] [12] K. R. Ronan, “Promoting Community Resilience in Disasters: the Role for Schools, Youth and Families” Springer Science, 2005.

[13] [13] T. Mulyadi, I. Rafliana, M. Rafdiana, D. Rachmawati, A. Koswara, W. Natalia, L. Febriawati, and A. Kodijat, “Pembelajaran Dari Maumere (Lessons From Maumere),” LIPI-UNESCO, Jakarta, 2010.

[14] [14] T. R. Burns et al., “Manusia, Keputusan, Masyarakat: Teori Dinamika Antara Aktor dan Sistem untuk Ilmuwan Sosial (Human, Decision, Community: Dynamic Theory Between Actors and Systems for Social Scientists),” Jakarta, Pradnya Paramita, 1987.

[15] [15] Tumbaga et al., “Propelling Growth, Managing Costs: A Challenge to Local Governments,” ACSPPA, 2003.