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JDR Vol.6 No.4 pp. 443-450
(2011)
doi: 10.20965/jdr.2011.p0443

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Global Threats and the Control of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Kazuo Kobayashi*, Manabu Ato*,
and Sohkichi Matsumoto**

*Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan

**Department of Bacteriology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan

Received:
January 5, 2011
Accepted:
February 15, 2011
Published:
August 1, 2011
Creative Commons License
Keywords:
surveillance, diagnostics, control strategy, chemotherapeutic intervention, vaccine research and development
Abstract
About one-third of the world’s population has been infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Active disease develops in about 9 million people per year, and tuberculosis is responsible for 2 million deaths per year. The disease caused by this bacterium, tuberculosis (TB), remains one of the leading causes of mortality caused by infection worldwide and is a major threat to global health. The situation of TB is recently exacerbated by the emergence of highly drug-resistant forms of the disease-causing pathogen and synergy with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome, which greatly increases the risk of latent M. tuberculosis infection progressing to active disease. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis is defined as disease caused by strains of M. tuberculosis that are at least resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin; extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis refers to disease caused by MDR strains that are also resistant to any fluoroquinolone and any of the injectable drugs used in treatment with second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs (amikacin, capreomycin, and kanamycin). MDR- and XDR-TB are serious threats to the progress that has been made in the control of tuberculosis worldwide over the past decade. In this review, we focus on threats of MDR-TB and the research and development of improved diagnostics, new chemotherapeutic agents, and vaccine candidates for MDR-TB.
Cite this article as:
K. Kobayashi, M. Ato, and S. Matsumoto, “Global Threats and the Control of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis,” J. Disaster Res., Vol.6 No.4, pp. 443-450, 2011.
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