Paper:
A Granular Framework for Recognition of Arabic Handwriting
Mokhtar Beldjehem
Sainte Anne University, 1589 Walnut Street Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3S1, Canada
- [1] S. S. Hyder and A. Khoujah, “Character Recognition of Cursive Scripts,” IEA/AIE 2, pp. 1146-1150, 1988.
- [2] R. M. Bozinovic and S. H. Srihari, “Off-line cursive script word recognition,” IEEE Trans. PAMI 11, No.1, pp. 68-83, 1989.
- [3] C. L. Liu, S. Jaeger, and M. Nakagawa, “Online recognition of Chinese characters: the state of the art,” IEEE Trans. On PAMI 26, No.2, pp. 198-213, 2004.
- [4] R. Plamondon and S. N. Srihari, “On-line and off-line handwriting: A comprehensive survey,” IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 22, No.1, pp. 63-84, 2000.
- [5] J. C. Simon, “La Reconnaissance des Formes par Algorithmes,” Edition Masson, p. 252, 1985.
- [6] J. C. Simon, “From Pixels to Features,” North Holland, Amsterdam, 1989.
- [7] J. C. Simon, “Off-line cursive word recognition,” Proc. IEEE 80, No.7, pp. 1150-1161, 1992.
- [8] C. Y Suen, R. Legault, C. P. Nadal, M. Cheriet, and L. Lam, “Building a new generation of handwriting recognition systems,” Pattern Recognition, Letters 14, No.4, pp. 303-315, 1993.
- [9] C. C Tappert, C. Y. Suen, and T. Wakahara, “The state of the art in on-line handwriting recognition,” IEEE Trans. On PAMI 12, No.8, pp. 787-808, 1990.
- [10] A. Amin, A. Kaced, J.-P Haton, and R. Mohr, “Handwritten Arabic Character recognition by the IRAC system,” in Proc. Int. Conf. on Pattern Recognition, Miami, Florida, USA, pp. 729-731, 1980.
- [11] A. Amin, “Recognition of Handwritten Arabic Script and Sentences,” in Proc. IAPR 2, Montreal, pp. 1055-1057, 1984.
- [12] B. Al-Badr and S. Mahmoud, “Survey and bibliography of Arabic Optical text recognition,” Signal Processing, Vol.41, pp. 49-77, 1995.
- [13] M. Beldjehem, “Visual Processing of Arabic Handwriting: Challenges and Future directions,” in Proc. SACH 06, Maryland, 2006.
- [14] L. M. Lorigo and V. Govindarraju, “Offline Arabic handwriting recognition: a survey,” IEEE Trans. PAMI 28, No.5, pp. 712-724, 2006.
- [15] I. S. I. Abuhaiba and P. Ahmed, “Restoration of temporal information in off-line Arabic handwriting,” Pattern Recognition, Vol.26, No.7, pp. 1009-1017, 1993.
- [16] I. S. I Abuhaiba, A. M. Sabri, and R. J Green, “Recognition of Handwritten Cursive Arabic Characters,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell, Vol.16, No.6, pp. 664-672, 1994.
- [17] H. Almuallim and S. Yamaguchi, “A method for recognition of Arabic cursive handwriting,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis Machine Intelligence 9, No.5, pp. 715-722, Sep., 1987.
- [18] S. Al-Emami and M. Usher, “On-line recognition of handwritten Arabic characters 12,” No.7, pp. 704-710, Sep. 1990.
- [19] T. S. Al-sheikh and S. G. El-Taweel, “Real-time Arabic handwritten character recognition,” Pattern Recognition 23, No.12, pp. 1323-1332, 1990.
- [20] A. Amin, “Recognition of printed Arabic text based on global features and decision tree learning techniques,” Pattern Recognition 33, No.8, pp. 1309-1323, 2000.
- [21] L. Souici-Meslati and M. Sellami, “A Hybrid Neuro-Symbolic Approach for Arabic Handwritten Word Recognition,” JACIII, Vol.10, No.1, pp. 17-25, 2006.
- [22] Y. Al-Ohali, M. Cheriet, and C. Suen, “Databases for recognition of handwritten Arabic cheques,” Pattern Recognition, 36, pp. 111-121, 2003.
- [23] J. J. Hull, “A Database for handwritten text recognition research,” IEEE Trans. PAMI 16, pp. 550-554, 1994.
- [24] M. Pechwitz, S Snoussi-Maddouri, V. M”agner, N. Ellouse, and H. Amiri, “IFN/ENIT database of handwritten Arabic words,” Proc. Colloque Francophone Int. sur l’Ecrit et le Document, Hammamet, Tunisia, pp. 129-136, 2002.
- [25] D. Marr, “Vision, A Computational Investigation into Human Representation and Processing of Visual Information,” Freeman W. H. and Company, San Fransisco, 1982.
- [26] S. K. Pal and A. Ghosh (Ed.), “Soft Computing in Image Processing,” Physica-Verlag, Heidelberg, 2000.
- [27] W. J. M. Kickert and H. Koppelar, “Application of fuzzy set theory to syntactic pattern recognition of handwritten capitals,” IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybernet. 6, pp. 148-151, Feb. 1976.
- [28] P. Siy and C. S. Chen, “Fuzzy logic for handwritten character recognition,” IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybernet. 4, pp. 570-575, Nov. 1974.
- [29] L. A. Zadeh, “Fuzzy sets,” Info. Control 89, pp. 338-353, 1965.
- [30] L. A. Zadeh, “Toward a theory of fuzzy systems,” in R. E. Kalman and N. Declaris (Eds.), Aspects of Network and System Theory, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, pp. 209-245, 1971.
- [31] L. A. Zadeh, “Fuzzy logic neural networks, and soft computing,” Communications of the ACM 37, pp. 77-84, 1994.
- [32] L. A. Zadeh, “Soft Computing, Fuzzy Logic and Recognition Technology,” In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Fuzzy Syst., Anchorage, AK, pp. 1678-1679, 1998.
- [33] M. Beldjehem, “Un apport àa la conception des systèemes hybrides neuro-flous par algorithmes d’approximation d’éequations de relations floues en MIN-MAX : le systèeme Fennec,” Ph.D. Thesis in Computer Science and Software Engineering (Artificial Intelligence), Universitée de la Mediterannéee (Aix-Marseille II), Marseille, 1993 (in French).
- [34] M. Beldjehem, “Fennec, un géenéerateur de systèemes neuro-flous,” in Proc. les Actes des Applications des Ensembles Flous, Nimes, France, pp. 209-218, 1993 (in French).
- [35] M. Beldjehem, “Le systèeme fennec,” in Electronic BUSEFAL 55, pp. 95-104, 1993 (in French).
- [36] M. Beldjehem, “The fennec system,” in Proc. ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC), Track on fuzzy logic in Applications, pp. 126-130, Phoenix, AZ, March, 1994.
- [37] M. Beldjehem, “Machine Learning based on the possibilistic-neuro hybrid approach: design and implementation.” in Electronic BUSEFAL 87, pp. 95-104, 2002.
- [38] M. Beldjehem, “Learning IF-THEN Fuzzy Weighted Rules,” in Proc. Int. Conf. of Computational intelligence, Nicosia, North Cyprus, 2002.
- [39] M. Beldjehem, “Validation of Hybrid MinMax Fuzzy--Neuro Systems,” in Proc. Int. Conf. of NAFIPS, Montreal, 2006.
- [40] M. Beldjehem, “Towards a Validation Theory of Hybrid MinMax Fuzzy-Neuro Systems,” in Proc. of the WSEAS, Int. Conf., Sofia, 2008.
- [41] M. Beldjehem, “Towards a Validation Theory of Hybrid MinMax Fuzzy-Neuro Systems,” in Proc. of the CIMSA Int. Conf., Istambul, 2008.
- [42] M. Miled and al. 1998. “Multi-level Arabic Handwritten Words Recognition.” in Proc. SSPR/SPR, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 944-951.
- [43] M. Allam, “Segmentation versus segmentation-free for recognizing Arabic text,” Proc. SPIE 2422, pp. 228-235, 1995.
- [44] A. Allam, “Segmentation versus segmentation-free for recognizing Arabic text,” Proc. SPIE 2422, pp. 228-235, 1995.
- [45] A. Cheung, M. Bennamoun, and N. W. Bergmann, “An Arabic optical character recognition system using recognition-based segmentation,” Pattern Recognition, 34, No.2, pp. 215-233, 2001.
- [46] Al-Sughaiyer and I. A. Al-Kharash, “Arabic Morphological Analysis Techniques,” J. of the Amer. Soc. For Inf. Sc. And Tech. 55, No.3, pp. 189-213, 2004.
- [47] S. Mordechay, H. Lim, and W. Shoaf, “The utilization of fuzzy sets in the recognition of imperfect strings,” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 49, pp. 331-337, 1992.
- [48] E. Ukkonen, “Algorithms for approximate string matching,” Information and Control 64, pp. 100-118, 1985.
This article is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationa License.