This paper presents an artificial evolution-based method for stereo image analysis and its application to real-time obstacle detection and avoidance for a mobile robot. It uses the Parisian approach, which consists here in splitting the representation of the robot’s environment into a large number of simple primitives, the “flies”, which are evolved according to a biologically inspired scheme. Results obtained on real scene with different fitness functions are presented and discussed, and an exploitation for obstacle avoidance in mobile robotics is proposed.