Top > JACIII > Interior Acoustic Control System Using Boundary Vibration with ...

single-jc.php

JACIII Vol.29 No.5 pp. 1117-1130
doi: 10.20965/jaciii.2025.p1117
(2025)

Research Paper:

Views over last 60 days: 296

Interior Acoustic Control System Using Boundary Vibration with Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator: Improving Noise Reduction Through Actuator Placement and Secondary Path Construction

Wenbao Wu*1,† ORCID Icon, Yudai Tanaka*2, Kentaro Sawada*2, Taro Kato*3 ORCID Icon, Ikkei Kobayashi*1, Jumpei Kuroda*1 ORCID Icon, Daigo Uchino*4 ORCID Icon, Kazuki Ogawa*5 ORCID Icon, Keigo Ikeda*6 ORCID Icon, Ayato Endo*7 ORCID Icon, Takayoshi Narita*8 ORCID Icon, and Hideaki Kato*8 ORCID Icon

*1Course of Science and Technology, Tokai University
4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan

†Corresponding author

*2Course of Mechanical Engineering, Tokai University
4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan

*3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology
1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan

*4Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Numazu College
3600 Ooka, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-8501, Japan

*5Department of Electronic Robotics Engineering, Aichi University of Technology
50-2 Manori, Nishihasama-cho, Gamagori, Aichi 443-0047, Japan

*6Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hokkaido University of Science
15-4-1 Maeda 7-Jo, Teine-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8585, Japan

*7Department of Electrical Engineering, Fukuoka Institute of Technology
3-30-1 Wajirohigashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 811-0295, Japan

*8Department of Mechanical System Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University
4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan

Received:
February 7, 2025
Accepted:
May 18, 2025
Published:
September 20, 2025
Creative Commons License
Keywords:
ultra-compact EV, giant magnetostrictive actuator, boundary vibration, LMS algorithm, noise reduction experiment
Abstract

Ultra-compact electric vehicles (EVs) have gained popularity due to their compact size, lightweight design, affordability, and environmental friendliness. However, significant interior noise, mainly from road and wind noise, remains a challenge. To address this, we developed an active noise cancellation (ANC) system using a giant magnetostrictive actuator installed on the roof to generate counteracting sound waves through roof panel vibrations. This study employed a variant of the least mean squares (LMS) algorithm, the Filtered-X LMS algorithm, to achieve real-time noise cancellation by continuously updating the coefficients of the FIR adaptive filter. In addition, the influence of introducing and not introducing a secondary path estimation module in the noise reduction system on the overall noise reduction performance was also studied. Furthermore, this study analyzed the effects of different excitation points on noise reduction performance and proposed using the power spectral density method to examine the sound spectra and power density at various excitation points, aiming to explore the reasons behind how the actuator’s fixed position influences noise reduction performance. Finally, experiments on ANC of simulated road noise were conducted on an ultra-compact EV, and the results verified the effectiveness of incorporating secondary path characteristics and selecting an appropriate excitation point in enhancing active noise cancellation performance.

GMA-driven ANC for ultra-compact EV

GMA-driven ANC for ultra-compact EV

Cite this article as:
W. Wu, Y. Tanaka, K. Sawada, T. Kato, I. Kobayashi, J. Kuroda, D. Uchino, K. Ogawa, K. Ikeda, A. Endo, T. Narita, and H. Kato, “Interior Acoustic Control System Using Boundary Vibration with Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator: Improving Noise Reduction Through Actuator Placement and Secondary Path Construction,” J. Adv. Comput. Intell. Intell. Inform., Vol.29 No.5, pp. 1117-1130, 2025.
Data files:
References
  1. [1] K. Iwao and I. Yamazaki, “A study on the mechanism of tire/road noise,” JSAE Review, Vol.17, No.2, pp. 139-144, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/0389-4304(95)00004-6
  2. [2] G. Cerrato, “Automotive sound quality – Powertrain, road and wind noise,” Sound and Vibration, Vol.43, No.4, pp. 16-24, 2009.
  3. [3] J. Ortega Almirón et al., “Vehicle road noise prediction using component-based transfer path analysis from tire test-rig measurements on a rolling tire,” J. of Sound and Vibration, Vol.523, Article No.116694, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2021.116694
  4. [4] P. A. Nelson and S. J. Elliott, “Active control of sound,” Academic Press, 1992.
  5. [5] S. J. Elliott and P. A. Nelson, “Active noise control,” IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, Vol.10, No.4, pp. 12-35, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1109/79.248551
  6. [6] C. R. Fuller and A. H. von Flotow, “Active control of sound and vibration,” IEEE Control Systems Magazine, Vol.15, No.6, pp. 9-19, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1109/37.476383
  7. [7] C. R. Fuller, S. J. Elliott, and P. A. Nelson, “Active control of vibration,” Academic Press, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-269440-0.X5000-6
  8. [8] S. M. Kuo and D. R. Morgan, “Active noise control: A tutorial review,” Proc. of the IEEE, Vol.87, No.6, pp. 943-973, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1109/5.763310
  9. [9] S. D. Snyder, “Active noise control primer,” Springer, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8560-6
  10. [10] I. L. Vér and L. L. Beranek (Eds.), “Noise and vibration control engineering: Principles and applications,” John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470172568
  11. [11] A. Gonzalez, M. Ferrer, M. de Diego, G. Piñero, and J. J. Garcia-Bonito, “Sound quality of low-frequency and car engine noises after active noise control,” J. of Sound and Vibration, Vol.265, No.3, pp. 663-679, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-460X(02)01462-1
  12. [12] Z. Jia, X. Zheng, Q. Zhou, Z. Hao, and Y. Qiu, “A hybrid active noise control system for the attenuation of road noise inside a vehicle cabin,” Sensors, Vol.20, No.24, Article No.7190, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247190
  13. [13] The Ford Motor Company, “First-for-Ford innovation makes all-new 2020 Ford explorer interior the quietest yet,” Ford Media Center, 2020. https://media.lincoln.com/content/fordmedia/fna/us/en/news/2019/02/06/librarian-approved–first-for-ford-innovation-makes-all-new-2020.html [Accessed August 27, 2025]
  14. [14] P. N. Samarasinghe, W. Zhang, and T. D. Abhayapala, “Recent advances in active noise control inside automobile cabins: Toward quieter cars,” IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, Vol.33, No.6, pp. 61-73, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2016.2601942
  15. [15] W. Jung, S. J. Elliott, and J. Cheer, “Local active control of road noise inside a vehicle,” Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, Vol.121, pp. 144-157, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2018.11.003
  16. [16] S. Kim, J.-K. Kim, and M. E. Altinsoy, “An experimental investigation of active control of road noise employing the weighted error signal to maximize the noise suppression performance at focused control positions,” Applied Acoustics, Vol.209, Article No.109408, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2023.109408
  17. [17] H. Kodama, M. Date, K. Yamamoto, and E. Fukada, “A study of sound shielding control of curved piezoelectric sheets connected to negative capacitance circuits,” J. of Sound and Vibration, Vol.311, Nos.3-5, pp. 898-911, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2007.09.035
  18. [18] K. Yamada, H. Matsuhisa, H. Utsuno, and J. G. Park, “Hybrid vibration suppression of flexible structures using piezoelectric elements and analog circuits,” J. of Environment and Engineering, Vol.3, No.2, pp. 424-435, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1299/jee.3.424
  19. [19] M. K. Kwak, S. Heo, and M. Jeong, “Dynamic modelling and active vibration controller design for a cylindrical shell equipped with piezoelectric sensors and actuators,” J. of Sound and Vibration, Vol.321, Nos.3-5, pp. 510-524, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2008.09.051
  20. [20] A. Sanada, K. Higashiyama, and N. Tanaka, “Active control of sound transmission through a rectangular panel using point-force actuators and piezoelectric film sensors,” The J. of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol.137, No.1, pp. 458-469, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4904506
  21. [21] M. Biglar, M. Gromada, F. Stachowicz, and T. Trzepieciński, “Optimal configuration of piezoelectric sensors and actuators for active vibration control of a plate using a genetic algorithm,” Acta Mechanica, Vol.226, No.10, pp. 3451-3462, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00707-015-1388-1
  22. [22] J. Babu, A. Ramacahndran, J. Philip, and C. S. Chandran, “Development of noise reduction panel using piezoelectric material,” Procedia Technology, Vol.25, pp. 1022-1029, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2016.08.202
  23. [23] A. Nadi, M. Mahzoon, and E. Azadi Yazdi, “Optimal distribution of piezoelectric patches for active vibration reduction of a thick plate using singular value decomposition approach,” Scientific Reports, Vol.11, Article No.13721, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93136-5
  24. [24] Y. Zheng, Y. Qu, S. Dai, B. Chen, and J. Mao, “Mitigating vibration and sound radiation with a digital piezoelectric meta-shell in heavy fluids,” J. of Sound and Vibration, Vol.573, Article No.118221, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2023.118221
  25. [25] F. Claeyssen, N. Lhermet, and T. Maillard, “Magnetostrictive actuators compared to piezoelectric actuators,” European Workshop on Smart Structures in Engineering and Technology (Proc. of SPIE, Vol.4763), pp. 194-200, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.508734
  26. [26] V. Apicella, C. S. Clemente, D. Davino, D. Leone, and C. Visone, “Review of modeling and control of magnetostrictive actuators,” Actuators, Vol.8, No.2, Article No.45, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/act8020045
  27. [27] P. A. Bartlett, S. J. Eaton, J. Gore, W. J. Matheringham, and A. G. Jenner, “High-power, low frequency magnetostrictive actuation for anti-vibration applications,” Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, Vol.91, Nos.1-2, pp. 133-136, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-4247(01)00475-7
  28. [28] T. Kato, R. Suzuki, R. Miyao, H. Kato, and T. Narita, “A fundamental consideration of active noise control system by small actuator for ultra-compact EV,” Actuators, Vol.7, No.3, Article No.49, 2018. https://doi.org/10.3390/act7030049
  29. [29] F. Maehara et al., “Interior acoustic control system using boundary vibration with giant magnetostrictive actuator: Fundamental consideration on the control algorithm,” IFAC-PapersOnLine, Vol.55, No.27, pp. 472-477, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.10.557
  30. [30] K.-C. Chen, C.-Y. Chang, and S. M. Kuo, “Active noise control in a duct to cancel broadband noise,” IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol.237, Article No.012015, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/237/1/012015
  31. [31] H. Moriyama, H. Tsuchiya, and H. T. Uchida, “Effect of acoustic radiation from circular plate installed with piezoelectric element on electricity generation performance,” Applied Acoustics, Vol.186, Article No.108445, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2021.108445
  32. [32] K. Mazur and M. Pawełczyk, “Active noise control with a single nonlinear control filter for a vibrating plate with multiple actuators,” Archives of Acoustics, Vol.38, No.4, pp. 537-545, 2013. https://doi.org/10.2478/aoa-2013-0063

Creative Commons License  This article is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationa License.

*This site is desgined based on HTML5 and CSS3 for modern browsers, e.g. Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge, Opera.

Last updated on Sep. 19, 2025