A Study of Human Pointing Features on Touch-Screens -Age Effect, Difference by Gender, and Difference in Direction-

Masanobu Komazaki; Masanori Idesawa

doi:10.20965/jrm.2007.p0715

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JRM Vol.19 No.6 pp. 715-723

doi: 10.20965/jrm.2007.p0715

(2007)

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A Study of Human Pointing Features on Touch-Screens -Age Effect, Difference by Gender, and Difference in Direction-

Masanobu Komazaki and Masanori Idesawa

Graduate School of Information Systems, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan

Received:

April 23, 2007

Accepted:

September 27, 2007

Published:

December 20, 2007

Keywords:

human interface, touch-screen, reaching, pointing, age effect

Abstract

We set up guidelines for designing graphic user interfaces (GUI), e.g., software-keyboards, for touch screens easier to used than conventional input (or interface) devices for IT systems such as keyboards and mice. We studied aging and gender differences in the dynamic properties of user pointing on a touch screen. We obtained the following results: (1) Standard Fitts’law did not hold very well when subjects repeated pointing using one finger between two targets close together on the touch screen. Movement-Time (MT) -the time required for pointing- increased linearly with the index of difficulty (ID) - the ratio of distance between targets (D) to target size (S). (2) Neither α -the ratio of the increase of MT to ID- nor β -MT when ID is 0- differed significantly between men and women. (3) α took almost the same value in older, middle-aged, and younger subjects, whereas β differed significantly between these groups. β increased linearly with age. (4) α and β did not differ significantly between left-right and depth in pointing. (5) The practice effect reduced the dispersion of α and β.

Cite this article as:

M. Komazaki and M. Idesawa, “A Study of Human Pointing Features on Touch-Screens -Age Effect, Difference by Gender, and Difference in Direction-,” J. Robot. Mechatron., Vol.19 No.6, pp. 715-723, 2007.

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References

[1] “Estimated Population in The Future of Japan 2001-2002,” National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Jan. 2002 (in Japanese).
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[3] T. Iwai and H. Umemuro, “Effectiveness of Internet terminal designed for elderly users with touch screen panels,” Proc. of the 41^st Annual Conference of Japan Ergonomics Society, Vol.36, Special Issue, pp. 222-223, 2000 (in Japanese).
[4] P. M. Fitts, “The Information Capacity of the Human-Motor System in Controlling The Amplitude of Movement,” Journal of Experimental Psychology, Vol.47, No.6, pp. 381-391, Jun. 1954.
[5] P. M. Fitts, “Information Capacity of Discrete Motor Responses,” Journal of Experimental Psychology, Vol.67, No.2, pp. 103-112, Feb. 1964.
[6] T. Kurokawa, M. Kuze, and K.Morimoto, “The Human Point Characteristics in The Touch Screen Interface and Conformity to Fitts Law,” The Society of Instrument and Control Engineers, Progress in Human Interface, Vol.5, No.1, pp. 5-12, 1996 (in Japanese).
[7] T. Kurokawa and K.Morimoto, “Analyses of Human Pointing Characteristics for Designing Touch Screen Interfaces,” Proc. China-Japan-Korea Design Symposium, pp. 421-428, 1998.
[8] M. Komazaki and M. Idesawa, “Aging Effect and Sexual difference in pointing Characteristics on a Touch Screen,” Proc. of the 3^rd JSME Symposium on Welfare Engineering, No.9, pp. 65-68, 2003 (in Japanese).
[9] J. Boritz, S. B. Kellog, and W. B. Cowan, “Fitts’s Law Studies of Directional Mouse Movement,” Proc. graphic interface ’91, pp. 216-223, 1991.
[10] M. Komazaki and M. Idesawa, “A Study of New Intuitive Method to Input Characters,” Proc. of IS Symposium on Sensing and Perception (Graduate School of The University of Electro-Communications), No.9, pp. 27-34, 2002 (in Japanese).
[11] I. S. MacKenzie, “A note on the Information-theoretic basis for Fitts’ law,” J. Motor Behavior, 21, pp. 323-330, 1989.

This article is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationa License.

[1] [1] “Estimated Population in The Future of Japan 2001-2002,” National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Jan. 2002 (in Japanese).

[2] [2] M. J. LaLorria and J. B. Sidowski, “Measurement of computer anxiety: A review,” Int. J. of Human-Computer Interaction, Vol.5, No.3, pp. 239-266, 1993.

[3] [3] T. Iwai and H. Umemuro, “Effectiveness of Internet terminal designed for elderly users with touch screen panels,” Proc. of the 41^st Annual Conference of Japan Ergonomics Society, Vol.36, Special Issue, pp. 222-223, 2000 (in Japanese).

[4] [4] P. M. Fitts, “The Information Capacity of the Human-Motor System in Controlling The Amplitude of Movement,” Journal of Experimental Psychology, Vol.47, No.6, pp. 381-391, Jun. 1954.

[5] [5] P. M. Fitts, “Information Capacity of Discrete Motor Responses,” Journal of Experimental Psychology, Vol.67, No.2, pp. 103-112, Feb. 1964.

[6] [6] T. Kurokawa, M. Kuze, and K.Morimoto, “The Human Point Characteristics in The Touch Screen Interface and Conformity to Fitts Law,” The Society of Instrument and Control Engineers, Progress in Human Interface, Vol.5, No.1, pp. 5-12, 1996 (in Japanese).

[7] [7] T. Kurokawa and K.Morimoto, “Analyses of Human Pointing Characteristics for Designing Touch Screen Interfaces,” Proc. China-Japan-Korea Design Symposium, pp. 421-428, 1998.

[8] [8] M. Komazaki and M. Idesawa, “Aging Effect and Sexual difference in pointing Characteristics on a Touch Screen,” Proc. of the 3^rd JSME Symposium on Welfare Engineering, No.9, pp. 65-68, 2003 (in Japanese).

[9] [9] J. Boritz, S. B. Kellog, and W. B. Cowan, “Fitts’s Law Studies of Directional Mouse Movement,” Proc. graphic interface ’91, pp. 216-223, 1991.

[10] [10] M. Komazaki and M. Idesawa, “A Study of New Intuitive Method to Input Characters,” Proc. of IS Symposium on Sensing and Perception (Graduate School of The University of Electro-Communications), No.9, pp. 27-34, 2002 (in Japanese).

[11] [11] I. S. MacKenzie, “A note on the Information-theoretic basis for Fitts’ law,” J. Motor Behavior, 21, pp. 323-330, 1989.