Thailand has faced many flooding crises, especially in 2011, which caused widespread damage to industrial parks and community zones. However, the negative consequences of flooding on the local people and workers in industrial zones have been little studied. This study focuses on the impacts of flooding after 2011 on the well-being of residents in industrial zones in terms of their work and livelihoods. Community-based research was used to explore the effects of floods on 647 respondents who worked in Rojana Industrial Park (N = 247) and those who lived around the park (N = 400). A questionnaire survey was conducted in February 2020. The results showed adverse impacts on the economy, accommodation, and well-being of both the local inhabitants and workers, whose monthly incomes and overtime jobs decreased significantly compared to before the disaster. However, local people suffered more from low incomes than workers of the company, as the employees’ work status was maintained during the crisis. Japanese company culture is investigated as a factor in the higher resilience and recovery levels of company employees than the Rojana community. In addition, the workers were evacuated to other accommodations until the company recovered, while locals remained in their flooded homes. In addition, most respondents reported that mental health impacts were more likely to affect their mental health. For effective recovery and flood risk management, the government should follow up on employment, accommodation, and livelihood after a sudden flood, especially for the local people. A greater understanding of community risk, community engagement, and awareness-raising activities can enhance readiness, response, recovery, and resilience in disaster management by government, businesses, and local communities.

1. [1] G. Carpenter, “Thailand Flood 2011: One Year Retrospective,” 2012.
2. [2] The World Bank, “The World Bank Supports Thailand’s Post-Floods Recovery Effort,” December 13, 2011, https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2011/12/13/world-bank-supports-thailands-post-floods-recovery-effort [accessed November 27, 2021]
3. [3] Impact Forecasting LLC, “2011 Thailand Floods Event Recap Report,” 2012, http://thoughtleadership.aon.com/Documents/20120314_impact_forecasting_thailand_flood_event_recap.pdf [accessed November 27, 2021]
4. [4] Bank of Thailand, “Great Flood 2011 Impact and recovery trend from the survey of entrepreneurs,” 2011, http://www.bot.or.th/Thai/EconomicConditions/Thai/BLP/Pages/index.aspx [accessed November 27, 2021]
5. [5] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), “Health-Releated Quality of Life (HRQOL): Well-Being Concerpts,” 2018, https://www.cdc.gov/hrqol/wellbeing.htm [accessed November 28, 2021]
6. [6] K. Rehdanz et al., “Well-Being Effects of a Major Natural Disaster: The Case of Fukushima,” J. of Economic Behavior & Organization, Vol.116, pp. 500-517, doi: 10.1016/j.jebo.2015.05.014, 2015.
7. [7] K. Walker-Springett, C. Butler, and W. N. Adger, “Wellbeing in the Aftermath of Floods,” Health & Place, Vol.43, pp. 66-74, doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.11.005, 2017.
8. [8] S. Tunstall et al., “The Health Effects of Flooding: Social Research Results from England and Wales,” J. of Water & Health, Vol.4, No.3, pp. 365-380, doi: 10.2166/wh.2006.031, 2006.
9. [9] R. Bhula-or et al., “Households’ Evacuation Decisions in Response to the 2011 Flood in Thailand,” J. Disaster Res., Vol.15, No.5, pp. 599-608, doi: 10.20965/jdr.2020.p0599, 2020.
10. [10] P. Kumar, H. Singh, and Nazli, “Disaster and Mental Well-Being: An Understanding,” Int. J. of Indian Psychology, Vol.8, No.1, pp. 474-483, doi: 10.25215/0801.061, 2020.
11. [11] S. Foudi, N. Osés-Eraso, I. Galarraga, “The Effect of Flooding on Mental Health: Lessons Learned for Building Resilience,” Water Resources Research, Vol.53, No.7, pp. 5831-5844, doi: 10.1002/2017WR020435, 2017.
12. [12] Crisis Preparedness, Response, and Recovery Resource Center, “Four Phases of Emergency Management,” http://crisisresponse.promoteprevent.org/four-phases-emergency-management [accessed November 13, 2021]
13. [13] School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, “What Is Disaster Management? Understanding Emergencies from Prevention to Mitigation,” September 3, 2021. https://publichealth.tulane.edu/blog/what-is-disaster-management/ [accessed November 18, 2021]
14. [14] S. B. Math et al., “Disaster Management: Mental Health Perspective,” Indian J. of Psychological Medicine, Vol.37, No.3, pp. 261-271, doi: 10.4103/0253-7176.162915, 2015.
15. [15] J. Kolodny-Goetz et al., “The Readiness, Resilience and Recovery Tool: An Emerging Approach to Enhance Readiness Amidst Disruption,” Global Implementation Research and Applications, Vol.1, No.2, pp. 135-146, doi: 10.1007/s43477-021-00011-6, 2021.
16. [16] Queensland Fire and Emergency Services, “Queensland Prevention, Preparedness, Response and Recovery Disaster Management Guideline,” 2018, https://www.disaster.qld.gov.au/dmg/Pages/DM-Guideline.aspx#2.1 [accessed November 19, 2021]
17. [17] E. Combaz, “Disaster Resilience,” 2015, https://gsdrc.org/topic-guides/disaster-resilience/concepts/what-is-disaster-resilience/ [accessed November 19, 2021]
18. [18] Disaster Preparedness Training Programme, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, “Introduction to Disaster Preparedness,” 2000, https://www.preventionweb.net/files/2743_Introdp.pdf [accessed August 20, 2022]
19. [19] S. Pathak and M. M. Ahmad, “Flood recovery capacities of the manufacturing SMEs from floods: A case study in Pathumthani province, Thailand,” Int. J. of Disaster Risk Reduction, Vol.18, pp. 197-205, doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.07.001, 2016.
20. [20] P. Hudson et al., “Self-Stated Recovery from Flooding: Empirical Results from a Survey in Central Vietnam,” J. of Flood Risk Management, Vol.14, No.1, Article No.e12680, doi: 10.1111/jfr3.12680, 2021.
21. [21] T. Sararit and T. Kondo, “Housing Renovation After 2011 Thailand Flood in Ayutthaya,” J. Disaster Res., Vol.9, No.4, pp. 563-570, doi: 10.20965/jdr.2014.p0563, 2014.
22. [22] N. Makwana, “Disaster and its impact on mental health: A narrative review,” J. of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Vol.8, No.10, pp. 3090-3095, doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_893_19, 2019.
23. [23] Zero Green, “THAI-KOUJYO: Rojana Industial Park,” 2021, https://www.thai-koujyo.com/ie_summary.php?lg=th&ineid=0048 (in Thai) [accessed August 20, 2022]
24. [24] Y. S. Merchant, “5 major differences between Japanese and American workplaces,” Insider, April 6, 2018, https://www.businessinsider.com/differences-between-japanese-and-american-work-culture-2018-3 [accessed August 20, 2022]
25. [25] T. Nakasu et al., “Social Vulnerability changes and sustainable development in the flooded industrial complex area,” Innovation and Transformation in Humanities for a Sustainable Tomorrow (Proc. of the 2nd Int. Conf. on Humanities (ICH 2019)), pp. 239-257, doi: 10.15405/epsbs.2020.10.02.23, 2020.
26. [26] Ayutthaya Province, “Basic Information: Amphor Uthai,” https://ww2.ayutthaya.go.th/amphur_content/cate/17 [accessed August 20, 2022]
27. [27] T. Nakasu et al., “Finding the Devastating Economic Disaster’s Root Causes of the 2011 Flood in Thailand: Why Did Supply Chains Make the Disaster Worse?,” J. Disaster Res., Vol.15, No.5, pp. 556-570, doi: 10.20965/jdr.2020.p0556, 2020.