single-jc.php

JACIII Vol.22 No.7 pp. 1037-1045
doi: 10.20965/jaciii.2018.p1037
(2018)

Paper:

An Uncertain Supply Chain Problem with Sales Effort

Lengceng Gao and Jiayu Shen

Department of Public Basic Courses, Nanjing Institute of Industry Technology
1 North Yangshan Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China

Corresponding author

Received:
May 23, 2018
Accepted:
August 20, 2018
Published:
November 20, 2018
Keywords:
supply chain, sales effort, chance-constrained, Stackelberg game, uncertainty
Abstract

This paper considers a two-echelon supply chain problem that includes a manufacturer and a retailer. The manufacturer plays a leading role in the supply chain and must make efforts to increase sales. Due to many uncertain factors in business, the market demand, manufacturing costs and retail operating costs are assumed to be uncertain variables. Expected and chance-constrained models are developed to address these uncertain variables. Stackelberg game is used to solve the proposed models. The equilibrium optimal wholesale price and unit margin are provided in order to determine the maximum profit. Finally, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed models.

Cite this article as:
L. Gao and J. Shen, “An Uncertain Supply Chain Problem with Sales Effort,” J. Adv. Comput. Intell. Intell. Inform., Vol.22 No.7, pp. 1037-1045, 2018.
Data files:
References
  1. [1] Y. Lan, Y. Li, and F. Papier, “Competition and coordination in a three-tier supply chain with differentiated channels,” Eur. J. Oper. Res., Vol.269, No.3, pp. 870-882, 2018.
  2. [2] I. Moon and X. Feng, “Supply chain coordination with a single supplier and multiple retailers considering customer arrival times and route selection,” Transport. Res. E-Log., Vol.106, pp. 78-97, 2017.
  3. [3] R. Kerkkamp, W. Heuvel, and A. Wagelmans, “Two-echelon supply chain coordination under information asymmetry with multiple types,” Omega-Int. J. Manage. S., Vol.76, pp. 137-159, 2018.
  4. [4] B. Hu and Y. Feng, “Optimization and coordination of supply chain with revenue sharing contracts and service requirement under supply and demand uncertainty,” Int. J. Prod. Econ., Vol.183, pp. 185-193, 2017.
  5. [5] T. Boyaci, “Competitive stocking and coordination in a multiple-channel distribution system,” IIE Trans., Vol.37, No.5, pp. 407-427, 2005.
  6. [6] T. Boyaci and G. Gallego, “Supply chain coordination in a market with customer service competition,” Prod. Oper. Manag., Vol.13, No.1, pp. 3-22, 2009.
  7. [7] Q. Geng and S. Mallik, “Inventory competition and allocation in a multi-channel distribution system,” Eur. J. Oper. Res., Vol.182, No.2, pp. 704-729, 2007.
  8. [8] S. Sang, “Price competition of manufacturers in supply chain under a fuzzy decision environment,” Fuzzy Optim. Decis. Ma., Vol.14, pp. 335-363, 2015.
  9. [9] K. Yao, “Multi-dimensional uncertain calculus with liu process,” J. Uncer. Syst., Vol.8, No.4, pp. 244-254, 2014.
  10. [10] G. Hua, S. Wang, and T. Cheng, “Price and lead time decisions in dual-channel supply chains,” Eur. J. Oper. Res., Vol.205, No.1, pp. 113-126, 2010.
  11. [11] S. Sana, “A production-inventory model of imperfect quality products in a three-layer supply chain,” Decis. Support Syst., Vol.50, No.2, pp. 539-547, 2011.
  12. [12] J. Wei and J. Zhao, “Pricing decisions for substitutable products with horizontal and vertical competition in fuzzy environments,” Ann. Oper. Res., Vol.242, pp. 505-528, 2016.
  13. [13] J. Spengler, “Vertical integration and antitrust policy,” J. Polit. Econ., Vol.58, pp. 347-352, 1950.
  14. [14] X. Li, Y. Li, and X. Cai, “Double marginalization and coordination in the supply chain with uncertain supply,” Eur. J. Oper. Res., Vol.226, pp. 228-236, 2013.
  15. [15] T. Adachi and T. Ebina, “Double marginalization and cost pass-through: Weyl-Fabinger and Cowan meet Spengler and Bresnahan-Reiss,” Econom. Lett., Vol.122, pp. 170-175, 2014.
  16. [16] B. Liu, “Uncertainty Theory,” 2nd Edition, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2007.
  17. [17] B. Liu, “Uncertainty Theory: A Branch of Mathematics for Modeling Human Uncertainty,” Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2010.
  18. [18] X. Chen and D. Ralescu, “Liu process and uncertain calculus,” J. Uncer. Anal. Appl., Vol.1, Article 3, 2013.
  19. [19] X. Chen, “Uncertain calculus with finite variation processes,” Soft Comput., Vol.19, No.10, pp. 2905-2912, 2015.
  20. [20] D. Yang and W. Kuo, “Single-machine scheduling with both deterioration and learning effects,” Ann. Oper. Res., Vol.172, pp. 315-327, 2009.
  21. [21] D. Yao and J. Liu, “Competitive pricing of mixed retail and e-tail distribution channels,” Omega-Int. J. Manage. S., Vol.33, No.3, pp. 235-247, 2005.
  22. [22] Z. Chen, Y. Lan, and R. Zhao, “Impacts of risk attitude and outside option on compensation contracts under different information structures,” Fuzzy Optim. Decis. Ma., Vol.17, No.1, pp. 13-47, 2018.
  23. [23] Y. Liu and D. Ralescu, “Value-at-risk in uncertain random risk analysis,” Inform. Sciences, Vols.391-392, pp. 1-8, 2017.
  24. [24] J. Zhou, Y. Liu, X. Zhang, X. Gu, and D. Wang, “Uncertain risk aversion,” J. Intell. Manuf., Vol.28, No.3, pp. 615-624, 2017.
  25. [25] H. Liu and W. Fei, “Neutral uncertain delay differential equations,” Information-Tokyo, Vol.16, No.2(A), pp. 1225-1232, 2013.
  26. [26] K. Yao, J. Gao, and Y. Gao, “Some stability theorems of uncertain differential equation,” Fuzzy Optim. Decis. Ma., Vol.12, No.1, pp. 3-13, 2013.
  27. [27] X. Chen and Y. Ning, “The pth moment exponential stability of uncertain differential equation,” J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst., Vol.33, pp. 725-732, 2017.
  28. [28] Y. Feng, X. Yang, and G. Cheng, “Stability in mean for multi-dimensional uncertain differential equation,” Soft Comput., DOI: 10.1007/s00500-017-2659-7, 2017.
  29. [29] Q. Cui and Y. Sheng, “Uncertain programming model for solid transportation problem,” Information-Tokyo, Vol.16, No.2(A), pp. 1207-1214, 2013.
  30. [30] R. Mu, Y. Lan, and W. Tang, “An uncertain contract model for rural migrant worker’s employment problems,” Fuzzy Optim. Decis. Ma., Vol.12, No.1, pp. 29-39, 2013.
  31. [31] J. Shen and Y. Zhu, “Uncertain flexible flow shop scheduling problem subject to breakdowns,” J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst., Vol.32, pp. 207-214, 2017.
  32. [32] J. Shen and Y. Zhu, “Chance-constrained model for uncertain job shop scheduling problem,” Soft Comput., Vol.20, No.6, pp. 2383-2391, 2016.
  33. [33] J. Shen and Y. Zhu, “Scheduling in a two-stage supply chain with uncertain parameters,” J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst., Vol.30, No.6, pp. 3439-3449, 2016.
  34. [34] X. Zhang, L. Li, and G. Meng, “A modified uncertain entailment model,” J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst., Vol.27, No.1, pp. 549-553, 2014.
  35. [35] Y. Lan, J. Peng, F. Wang, and C. Gao, “Quality disclosure with information value under competition,” Int. J. Mach. Learn. Cyb., Vol.9, No.9, pp. 1489-1503, 2018.
  36. [36] K. Yang, Y. Lan, and R. Zhao, “Monitoring mechanisms in new product development with risk-averse project manager,” J. Intell Manuf., Vol.28, No.3, pp. 667-681, 2017.
  37. [37] Y. Yan, R. Zhao, and Y. Lan, “Asymmetric retailers with different moving sequences: Group buying vs. individual purchasing,” Eur. J. Oper. Res., Vol.261, No.3, pp. 903-917, 2017.
  38. [38] X. Wang, Y. Lan, and W. Tang, “An uncertain wage contract model for risk-averse worker under bilateral moral hazard,” J. Ind. Manag. Optim., Vol.13, No.4, pp. 1815-1840, 2017.
  39. [39] Y. Chen and L. Deng, “Discrete-time uncertain LQ optimal control with indefinite control weight costs,” J. Adv. Comput. Intell. Intell. Inform., Vol.20, No.4, pp. 633-639, 2016.
  40. [40] Y. Chen and Y. Zhu, “Optimistic value model of indefinite LQ optimal control for discrete-time uncertain systems,” Asian J. Control, Vol.20, No.1, pp. 495-510, 2018.
  41. [41] Y. Chen and Y. Zhu, “Indefinite LQ optimal control with equality constraint for discrete-time uncertain systems,” Jpn. J. Ind. Appl. Math., Vol.33, No.2, pp. 361-378, 2016.
  42. [42] B. Liu, “Some research problems in uncertainty theory,” J. of Uncer. Syst., Vol.3, No.1, pp. 3-10, 2009.

*This site is desgined based on HTML5 and CSS3 for modern browsers, e.g. Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge, Opera.

Last updated on Apr. 22, 2024