Numerical Simulation of Damage to a Soil Embankment from Tsunami  Overflow

Hiroyuki Fujii; Shintaro Hotta; Nobuo Shuto

doi:10.20965/jdr.2009.p0469

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JDR Vol.4 No.6 pp. 469-478

(2009)

doi: 10.20965/jdr.2009.p0469

Paper:

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Numerical Simulation of Damage to a Soil Embankment from Tsunami Overflow

Hiroyuki Fujii^*,, Shintaro Hotta^, and Nobuo Shuto^**

^*Department of Coastal Engineering, INA Corporation, 8-4-1 Toshima, Kita-ku, Tokyo 114-0003, Japan

^**Advanced Research Institute for the Sciences and Humanities (ARISH), Nihon University 6F Ichigaya Tokyu Building, 4-2-1 Kudan-kita, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0073, Japan

Received:

June 22, 2009

Accepted:

September 28, 2009

Published:

December 1, 2009

Keywords:

tsunami overflow, compacted cohesive soils, embankments, erosion law

Abstract

There have been many studies on tsunami forces acting on structures, but few studies on tsunami-induced water flows that move a lot of sands or soils, resulting in damages to such structures as road embankments and seawalls. In the present study, the damage of soil embankments by tsunami overflow is discussed. Hydraulic experiments on movable beds reveal that the erosion of the downstream slope and the scouring at the rear toe are important factors in the erosion of soil embankments. An erosion rate law is experimentally established. Current velocity measured on a fixed bed verifies the application of the CADMAS-SURF to the present situation. A numerical method to simulate the erosion of soil embankments is developed using these data. It is applied to gain insight into the Shuto diagram (2001) about the damages of embankment obtained from field data for local tsunamis of short wave period in the past. Among six tests, reasonable agreements were obtained in four cases. In other two cases, the method gave the larger erosion than the expected ones from the diagram.

Cite this article as:

H. Fujii, S. Hotta, and N. Shuto, “Numerical Simulation of Damage to a Soil Embankment from Tsunami Overflow,” J. Disaster Res., Vol.4 No.6, pp. 469-478, 2009.

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References

[1] N. Shuto, “Traffic hindrance after tsunami,” Tsunami Research at the end of a Critical Decade, pp. 65-74, 2001.
[2] G. J. Hanson, “Surface erodibility of earthen channel at high stresses Part1 — open channel testing,” Trans. ASAE Vol.33, No.1, pp. 127-131, 1990.
[3] K. Fujisawa, A. Kobayashi, and K. Yamamoto, “Erosion rate of compacted soils for embankments,” Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu C, Vol.64, No.2, pp. 403-410, 2008.
[4] V. T. Chow, “Open-Channel Hydraulics,” McGraw-Hill Int. Student Editions, pp. 111-112, 1959.
[5] Coastal Development Institute of Technology (CDIT), “CADMAS-SURF, Research and development of numerical wave channel,” CDIT Library, No.12, 296p. 2001 (in Japanese).
[6] K. Sasaki, K. Fujita, T. Uda, A. Hattori, and O. Hiratate, “Estimation of resistance to erosion of levee and natural riverbank using large and undisturbed test pieces,” Annual J. of Hydraulic Engineering, JSCE, Vol.38, pp. 677-682, 1994 (in Japanese).

This article is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationa License.

[1] [1] N. Shuto, “Traffic hindrance after tsunami,” Tsunami Research at the end of a Critical Decade, pp. 65-74, 2001.

[2] [2] G. J. Hanson, “Surface erodibility of earthen channel at high stresses Part1 — open channel testing,” Trans. ASAE Vol.33, No.1, pp. 127-131, 1990.

[3] [3] K. Fujisawa, A. Kobayashi, and K. Yamamoto, “Erosion rate of compacted soils for embankments,” Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu C, Vol.64, No.2, pp. 403-410, 2008.

[4] [4] V. T. Chow, “Open-Channel Hydraulics,” McGraw-Hill Int. Student Editions, pp. 111-112, 1959.

[5] [5] Coastal Development Institute of Technology (CDIT), “CADMAS-SURF, Research and development of numerical wave channel,” CDIT Library, No.12, 296p. 2001 (in Japanese).

[6] [6] K. Sasaki, K. Fujita, T. Uda, A. Hattori, and O. Hiratate, “Estimation of resistance to erosion of levee and natural riverbank using large and undisturbed test pieces,” Annual J. of Hydraulic Engineering, JSCE, Vol.38, pp. 677-682, 1994 (in Japanese).

Numerical Simulation of Damage to a Soil Embankment from Tsunami Overflow

Hiroyuki Fujii*,**, Shintaro Hotta**, and Nobuo Shuto**

Hiroyuki Fujii^*,, Shintaro Hotta^, and Nobuo Shuto^**