We review a dramatic train derailment occurring at 09:18 on April 25, 2005, 1800 m from Amagasaki Station on the Fukuchiyama Line of West Japan Railways (JR West). The derailment killed 106 passengers and the train operator and injured over 500 passengers. Section 1 outlines the derailment, Section 2 details damage caused by the derailment, Section 3 reports information on crew activities, Section 4 describes the operator’s actions leading up to the incident, Section 5, 6 relates train operation recorded by the Automatic Train Stop (ATS) devices and other safety systems, and Section 7, 8 gives information on train operation.