As we become a super-aging society, it is essential to maintain and improve the quality of life among the elderly and to counter the young labor force shortage. Such problems are becoming evident in several areas, including not just the manufacturing sector but also the fields of transport/mobility and healthcare/welfare, wherein such situations abound that cannot be solved simply by replacing human workers with robots. In the manufacturing sector, for instance, the transmission of skills and knowledge is threatened as the members of the baby boomer generation who possess the knowledge and experience have reached the age of retirement, even as the younger population is declining. Another example is the provision of care with human warmth at sites of nursing. As we evolve toward Society 5.0, which is represented by a digital transformation and encompasses elements such as digital twins, it will be critical to pioneer a robotic technology that allows robots to work with humans to achieve a prosperous coexistence and create an affluent society. For this special issue, featuring humancentric robotic systems coexisting and working together with humans, we invite researchers to submit papers covering a wide range of topics, including element technologies and operating and evaluation methods.